THE PASSING OF THE WILD 329 



were exempted. The game licence in New- 

 foundland is the most expensive of all, costing 

 a hundred dollars. This is excessive, and one 

 would view it more favourably if residents 

 also had to take out a licence instead of being 

 free to shoot as they please at very slight cost. 



In India and Ceylon, very strict game laws 

 have for some years been in force. In the 

 Central Provinces, for instance, the cheetul 

 and bison are specially protected, each licensee 

 being allowed to shoot only two of each, 

 whereas there is no limit in the case of nilgai 

 or four-horned deer, or, of course, in that of 

 tigers, bears, or leopards. 



In Kashmir, yak and musk-deer are abso- 

 lutely protected, and certain nullahs are closed 

 against shooting. A licence, costing sixty 

 rupees, allows the holder to make a limited 

 bag, including one Ovis Ammon, one serow, 

 one Tibetan gazelle, two markhor, six ibex, 

 and so forth. Curiously enough, the number 

 of brown bears is also restricted to six, but 

 there is no limit for black bears. That is the 

 summer licence. A winter licence is issued at 

 half the cost, permitting the killing of a pro- 

 portionate number of animals. 



In the Nilgiris, the game laws are somewhat 

 different. A shooting and fishing licence costs 

 fifty rupees for the year. There is no limit to 

 the bag, but no one may shoot the females or 



