Introduction. xvii 



All citrus will change features to some extent, by 

 change of climate, soil, and culture, and if grown from 

 seed, under changed circumstances, probably further 

 changes might be obtained by selection. The smooth- 

 ness or wartiness, the thinness or thickness of skin, the 

 sweetness or sourness, the dryness or juiciness, and the 

 size of the fruit are particularly liable to change, and 

 therefore all the characters of the tree, flower, fruit, 

 and seed, should be considered, in grouping the 

 various forms of citrus. In my researches I have 

 met with no evidence tending to show that any of the 

 sweet oranges are direct descendants of the bitter, or 

 Seville orange. 



At the end of the lemon group, I have delineated 

 specimens of double lemons. I have given these 

 because I believe that this doubling of the citrus 

 fruit, that is the fusion of two ovaries, and not the 

 addition of carpels in the same ovary, has played a 

 considerable part in the production of the large kinds 

 of citrus. First these double citrus may have attracted 

 attention, as curious novelties, and then by repetition 

 and selection through the seed, a more perfect, and 

 large variety may have been established. These twin 

 fruits are moreover interesting on account of their 

 connection with the game of " Philippine," which the 

 natives of India call Faramosh (vide Appendix, 

 No. 21). 



Fortunately, I have been able to examine a large 

 number of citrus with "my own" eyes, olfactory and 

 gustatory nerves, which circumstances, I think, have 

 great advantages. Probably no two persons would 

 see things in the same way, or detect the same shades 

 of taste and scent. It is by these means that I have 

 been able sometimes to make out varieties of the same 

 groups, such as the Seville and Portugal oranges. 



6 



