56 Oranges and Lemons of India. 



Repository " (pi. 608, vol. 10.) (Vide note at the end 

 this chapter, p. 57.) 



It would appear that two distinct things are here 

 mixed up. The one alluded to by Rumphius appears 

 to be a suntara proper, and the one extensively grown 

 in the Khasia hills is also a simtara proper, although 

 not having seen all the varieties grown on those hills, 

 I cannot say whether they have there also the true 

 mandarin. However, had they it to any extent, it 

 would certainly have found its way to the Calcutta 

 market. 



In Lucknow in 1863 I introduced the mandarin 

 orange, together with the Malta orange and lemon, 

 and from there it has been distributed to many other 

 places. Neither at Lucknow nor at Etawah does this 

 variety do well. The Mandarin tree is very delicate, 

 and although the suntara of Sylhet and of Nagpore, 

 and the keonla do well there, this choice variety 

 (mandarin) is half killed every year by the hot winds, 

 and its fruit when unripe is very sour, and when 

 ripe almost juiceless, so different from its delicious 

 fruit when grown in a suitable climate and soil. 



In Ceylon I found the true mandarin in the 

 Peradeniya Botanic Garden. Dr. Trimen informed 

 me that, in 1847, H.H. Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, sent 

 a collection of orange plants to Peradeniya, and that 

 probably this true mandarin may have come there 

 with that collection. Both the scent of its leaf and 

 that of its rind, were unmistakably those of a true 

 mandarin. I did not, however, see it anywhere out 

 of Peradeniya, and the oranges in the Colombo and 

 Kandy markets, which go by the name of mandarins, 

 are only varieties of the suntara and keonla oranges, 

 and not true mandarins. The solitary fruit I found 

 on a tree at Peradeniya was good, and probably this 



