i8o Oranges and Lemons of India. 



still more interesting specimen, from a morphological 

 point of view, is that shown in fig. c, pi. 240, which is 

 the fruit of the " Bigaradier a fruit cornicule." The 

 surface of this Citrus has many horns, indicative of a 

 greater tendency to separation of the carpels. The 

 section shows three distinct pulp carpels, belonging 

 to the three larger horns. The " Limonier a fruit 

 digite " gives a still more striking example in fig. a, pi. 

 178. So do the fruits 'of the " Chhangura," or digi- 

 tate citrons of India and China, shown in fig. a, pi. 

 139 and fig. a, pi. 140. The digitate lemon shows a 

 single whorl of rind-carpels only, the pulp whorl 

 being suppressed, according to Risso, while the digitate 

 citrons show an outer rind whorl and an inner whorl, 

 also of rind carpels, indicating, I take it, a very remote 

 stage in the history of the Citrus fruit evolution. The 

 inner whorl of carpels, which in the perfect fruit forms 

 the pulp, I consider is here still in the crude condition 

 of rind. By their reversion to what I consider ances- 

 tral forms, these interesting digitate fruits give us, 

 I think, a glimpse of some of the stages through 

 which the Citrus may have passed in evolving the 

 pulp carpels, and, by continued selection, eventually 

 becoming the fine fruit we now cultivate. 



Double flowers are often produced by the growth 

 of additional whorls of petals. So in my opinion, are 

 double, and even multiple citrus fruits produced by the 

 development of extra whorls of carpels. Risso, in 

 a specimen shown in fig. a, pi. 241, gives an extra- 

 ordinary example of carpel multiplication in the citrus 

 fruit. It is the fruit of the " Bergamottier mellarose a 

 fleur double." To begin with, in this example, the 

 rind carpels are all distinct, and ununited at their 

 distal ends, where they form a sort of rim of a cup, 

 out of which, an inner series of rind carpels protrude, 



