218 Oranges and Lemons of India. 



its fragrant flowers, rind, and leaves. Eventually the 

 Arab or other traders took it thence to Persia, where, 

 as Professor A. Vambery thinks, it may have got the 

 name narandj, " like a pomegranate." But as it may 

 have had already the first part of its name nar in 

 Tamul, in connection with its fragrance, it is more 

 likely that this part of its name went to Persia from 

 South India with it. Then the ranj or rang may have 

 been tacked on afterwards. From Persia it got to 

 Syria, Africa, and Spain, under its Arabic or Persian 

 name naranj, and probably also back to Northern 

 India, under the name of narang. Such a theory 

 would appear to fit in with the facts known. 



The Khatta Orange. I call this orange, because it 

 has an orange exterior, an orange pulp, and orange-like 

 leaves. It is, however, rather prominently mammillate, 

 and its flowers externally are tinged red. Natives 

 almost universally call it simply khatta, which means 

 sour. Some call it karna, confounding it with the 

 Seville, and others call \\.gulgul, confounding it with 

 a large sour lemon. Very little use is made of it, be- 

 yond sowing its seeds for raising stock to bud other 

 kinds on. They say the seed germinates better when 

 the fruit is yet green. It is almost the only kind used 

 for this purpose. No book that I have seen mentions 

 it, and nothing appears to be known of its origin. 



The Portugal or Malta Orange. In only one place, 

 in South India, have I found this variety with a native 

 name. In Tanjore they have a large fine variety of 

 this type called bandir, but Dr. Shortt says it is also 

 called cheenee. It is figured in pi. 43, fig. a. I have 

 not been able to trace the derivation of the name 

 bandir. This type of orange is to be found in many 

 other places in India, and also in Ceylon, but every- 

 where, for want of a native name, it appears to be of 



