Discussion on the Origin of Varieties. 231 



is probably no other than the suntara orange, the 

 Aur. sinense of Rumphius, who considered it intro- 

 duced into the Malay archipelago from China. 



We have also the hazara, which I consider to be 

 no other than the kumquat, allowed to grow into a 

 bush. With cultivation, it produces larger fruit than 

 the latter. Its name hazard is probably derived from 

 the thousands of oranges a large bush produces. The 

 kokni is another small and sweet orange of the 

 suntara type. In Saharunpore they also call it the 

 China orange. Rumphius, in chap. 42, vol. ii. (Aur. 

 sinense), says that the Chinese in their own country 

 have very elegant round oranges, of the " second 

 variety," which are smaller than the common kind. 

 They preserve them whole in sugar. Not improbably, 

 this small variety of the suntara type mentioned by 

 Rumphius may be \htkdkni of India. 



The reshmi orange is another variety of a similar 

 type. Its name would appear to mean "silky," but I 

 do not see how this would apply to the fruit. I have 

 not been able to trace the origin of this variety. It is 

 never met with in the markets, and does not appear a 

 favourite kind for growing in large quantity. 



The Mandarin orange. This is of recent introduc- 

 tion in India. I have met with it nowhere, except 

 where it was obtained from Lucknow. In the latter 

 place it was imported in 1863. I found it also in the 

 Peradeniya garden, in Ceylon. Here also, it appears 

 to be of recent introduction, and probably came from 

 Egypt, with a collection of orange trees in 1847. ^ n 

 the Ceylon markets, they have the kbnda ndrun, and 

 the jaw a ndrun, both of which they call mandarin 

 oranges, but they are no other than varieties of the 

 suntara orange of India. The kbnda narun is almos 

 identical with the Nagpore orange. 



