Appendix. 285 



while those portions that are covered by the primary carpels 

 are destitute of rind." 



(NOTE. Risso gives pictures in which the inner carpels are 

 distinctly covered with rind oil-cells ; and Rumphius gives 

 also instances of orange within orange (vide pi. 241, b, in 

 which the innermost whorl is shown to be composed of rind 

 only). E. B.) 



No. 40. 



(a.) The following dates, collected from various sources, 

 may possibly be of some use to future investigators of the 

 origin of the different kinds of citrus in India. 



" Several ancient nations, particularly the Tyrians and 

 Egyptians; carried on commerce with India. 



"It was partially conquered by Darius Hystaspes, who 

 formed an Indian Satrapy 512 B.C." 



"And by Alexander the Great, 327 B.C." 



"And subsequently the intercourse between India and 

 the Roman Empire was much increased." 



"Authentic history of Hindostan commenced with the 

 conquest of Mahmoud of Ghuzni in 1004. Irruptions of 

 Mahomedans under this leader occurred between 1001-24 



A.D." 



The above are taken from "'Haydn's Dictionary of 

 Dates." 



" A Jewish colony assert that they possessed Cranganore, 

 sixteen miles N.W. of Cochin, so early as 490 A.D., and they 

 say they hold a copper grant to this effect from the 

 Hindus." Pioneer Mail, 26 January, 1887. 



"Whitaker's Almanac" says that: "So early as 664 A.D. 

 Arabs began to make predatory expeditions against Bombay 

 and Sindh." There must, however, have been friendly 

 intercourse between the Arabs and Persians and India long 

 before that, otherwise how could the colony of Jews have 

 got to Cochin so early as 490 A.D. ? The descendants of 

 this Jewish colony still exist at Cochin. 



(b.) Through the courtesy of Professor Cowell, of 

 Cambridge, and his friend Dr. W. Wright, Arabic professor, 

 the following book was brought to my notice, where I might 



