Appendix. 355 



fruit, with the two kinds either blended together, both extern- 

 ally and internally, or segregated in various ways. This tree 

 can be propagated by cuttings, and retains its diversified char- 

 acters.* The so-called trifacial orange of Alexandria and 

 Smyrna resembles in its general nature the bizarria, and 

 differs only in the orange being of the sweet kind ; this and 

 the citron are blended together in the same fruit, or are 

 separately produced on the same tree ; nothing is known of 

 its origin. In regard to the * Bizarria,' many authors believe 

 that it is a graft-hybrid ; Gallesio, on the other hand, thinks 

 that it is an ordinary hybrid, with the habit of partially re- 

 verting by buds to the two parent forms ; and we have seen 

 that the species in this genus often cross spontaneously." 



After stating the views of so many high authorities on the 

 bizarrin and trifacial oranges, it would appear little less than 

 an impertinence on my part to offer any remarks. But, I 

 think in the interest of Science I ought to state my views on 

 this matter. 



(a) I do not believe that the various species of citrus 

 readily cross through their pollen. All my experiments to 

 cross lemon flowers with orange pollen, proved failures, and 

 Mr. Rivers has also recorded his opinion that they do not 

 cross. From the permanency of character of the Seville, 

 khatta, and true lime in India, all three always propagated 

 from seed, I would conclude that they do not intermix. 



(b) With regard to citrons, oranges, and lemons being 

 mixed in the " Bizarria " and trifacial oranges, I think per- 

 haps that it is possible that wartiness may have been taken 

 for real citron, because it was not unlike it. We do not really 

 know what produces wartiness or smoothness, orange-colour 

 or lemon-colour in certain varieties, but we do know that in 

 the kJiatta orange of India, a change from a dry season to a 

 wet one will often induce wartiness. In the lemons, citron- 

 like fruits are often produced in the rain-crop, and in other 

 varieties the rain-crop is often more warty than the dry- 

 weather crop. Therefore it is reasonable to infer that warti- 

 ness and thick skin, at all events, may be somehow connected 

 with luxuriance. We know also that the different parts of 

 the rind and pulp are nourished by different vessels, therefore 



* It is, however, said to be subject to much variation in propagation. 



A A 2 



