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drainage is usually good ; but heavy watering may 

 result in water, -logging the land for a time to the 

 injury of the trees. 



Secondly: Short steep rows on sandy land. 



These should be watered with a small stream running 

 along the furrows for a comparatively long time. 

 Watering with a large stream down steep slopes 

 soon washes the top soil away, causing deep gutters 

 to form, while the washed-out soil silts up the fur- 

 rows further down the slope, so that the water spreads 

 there, and very little reaches the end of the rows. 

 A small stream will not cause this trouble, but as 

 by this means the quantity of water going into the 

 soil is not very great at any time ; the time of water- 

 ing must be extended to allow for this. 



Thirdly: Rows of moderate length and grade 

 on sandy slopes. Eows of 5 chains in length, with a 

 grade of about 9 inches to the chain, give very satis- 

 factory results in irrigating. These are best watered 

 with a moderate to large stream along the furrows, 

 and will give little or no trouble through silting. 

 The size of the stream to use depends not only on 

 the grade but also on the nature of the land. The 

 sandier the land is, the more will it be absorbent of 

 moisture, and the longer will the water take to get 

 to the end of the rows. Therefore to get as nearly 

 as possible an even distribution of water over the 

 whole orchard it is necessary, other things being 

 equal, to make it a rule in irrigating to follow the 

 principle of the sandier the land the larger the stream. 



Fourthly: Rows of moderate length with but 

 little grade on sandy land. These should be 

 watered with a large stream running along the 

 furrows for a comparatively short time, for to 

 water such rows with a moderate to small stream 

 would cause the top trees of the row to receive too 

 much water before the last ones have had sufficient. 



