146 



ANIMAL. 



fluence of a certain temperature, and after the 

 lapse of a certain time, that the young being 

 bursts the shell and commences its independent 

 existence ; this is the case among oviparous 

 animals. Or otherwise : the fecundated egg 

 makes its way so slowly through the passages 

 that lead from the ovary outwards, that it is 

 hatched before it can escape, so that the young 

 one passes from the body of the mother imme- 

 diately. Animals in whom this happens are 

 justly said to be ova-viviparous. In the third 

 and last place, the fecundated ovum is imme- 

 diately loosened from the ovary, but instead of 

 being laid, or extruded from the body immedi- 

 ately, it only passes along a canal to a certain 

 distance from the ovary, where it meets with a 

 reservoir or cavity (the uterus) to which it at- 

 taches itself, and within which it commences 

 a series of evolutions, at the expense of the 

 mother, preliminary to its final expulsion with 

 instincts ready formed, and an organization so 

 perfect as enables it to begin its separate ex- 

 istence. The classes in which this mode of 

 reproduction obtains, and they are the highest 

 of all, including quadrupeds and man, are en- 

 titled viviparous, so that in these, besides the 

 connection of the sexes and the fecundation of 

 the germ, we have the phenomena of utero- 

 gestation and labour. 



And here the proper work of reproduction 

 ends; but the young are so generally born in 

 some sort immature, that in the higher classes 

 the connection between the offspring and pa- 

 rent does not cease immediately. In the class 

 of mammalia, indeed, the connection is little 

 less intimate during the earlier periods of extra 

 uterine life than it was during the whole term 

 of intra-uterine existence ; the young being 

 still depends upon its mother for the whole of 

 its nourishment, and very generally for the 

 supply of warmth it requires and the protection 

 needful to it till able to provide for itself. 



Many of the particulars now merely glanced 

 at, and numerous others, the mention of which 

 has been omitted entirely, will be found de- 

 tailed, and their bearing and importance illus- 

 trated in the article on GENERATION, to which 

 the reader is therefore referred. 



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