i i rim oi'ODA. 



which can 1,-iul but a feeble assistance 111 in.iiu- ve-ntral pair of braclna ; thoy proceed at first 



taming tin- shell in its n.itur.il position. outwards to a large- membranous cavity situated 



The mantle 1 of the Nautilus is very thin and anterioi to the e \ e-s. and theiie'e emerge between 



membranous, excepting :>t Us five margin, the thml ami fourth arms on either sule. 

 wlie-re- it is provided with longitudinal uuis Tin' acetabula or suckers arc disposed along 



cnlar fibre's lor its retraction, and a thin e-xte-r- tlu 1 whole exte'iit of tin- inner surface of the 



n;UstratunM>f transverse fibres, for tho closing oielmarv arms, but an- ge'ne-rally confined to 



ot its anterior aperture, eluring the' expulsion ihiMAlivmilies of the tentacles, \\here the\ are 



of the respiratory em rents. closely aggregated on the inner aspect. 



The- large- mandibles (,/. /, /.. ;M7: f, f\ Of tlu> elitleivnce between the anus and 



l l .O are sujiported upona tie-shy snbstam e tentaeles Aristotle was well aware, and ac 



. : ; \ and moved by appropriate urns- cordingly, with his usual exactness, he- applies 



Cles. '1'he fimge-d lip i,-. /;.;. ; I T ) which sur- to the-in' distinct epithets: rio'fac /uiv " 



rounds them is pro\ ideil with a longitudinal i^li Ri rotavc hxwJxovc ***** wX toe )>mc 



stiatum of fibres for its retraetion, and an exte- wXwiroh. 'ihf >' iyovrtv t TI rnwitti luu i 



nor oibieulai sphnu ter at its anterior margin. *1 I riBSti h/ v^ip*ril; f*Hf^ ir* 



The whole bueeal apparatus is altaehed to " i^ r *( C.*<iAw.* " All (*molha) have 



eartda.mnous skeleton by tour strou-, retraetor ( '< ll( /< ' '. IM~O\ uleil w itli a double series ot 



museles, t\\ abo\e (^//, //. //^. 'J 17, l'.>\ and Miekers, exeept in one i^euus of l'o!\pi.f The 



two below {i,i, /.'/:. ;' 1 ,' \ and its base is sur- ' S epuv. Teulhules. ami Tenthi.* ha\e. bt sides. 



rounded by a tiansveise stiatum of mnsenlar lu ' OI1 !A ^v/v>v;</< >, the extremities of w IIK h 



tibivs (/, //^. -Jl)) continued from the external ;llt ' l^'Si'l ^tl a double series of snekers." 



labial processes, aeross the upper or dorsal 1'bny gives, after the Slagyritt', the fbl- 



asjHVt of the |aws, which, by the eontraelion h>'ini notice of their functions. " Sepia- et 



of these tibics, are piotrmleil out\\aids. 1 oli ; ;ini pedes duo ex his lont;issimi et aspen. 



The tongue ( /;.; -J.ii^ is a lan-.e e>mple\ o,uibns ail oraadmo\cnt cibos, t t in thu libns 



muscular oii-.an, the t\tunu[\ ot winch is ""' vt'lnt ancons, stabiliunt." (erman authois 



retracted b\ two pair ot loin-, slender muscles vienerally term the orilinar\ feet. ' arms.' { ,.-;.(,) 



(>!} arism;;'from the l-nsi- iueiubrane eli>sin- -" ul !' lentades s,-i:crs, (JtHgtrmc.) 

 the lower part of the mouth ; a tlnnl pair of '" l ' u ' ( ''phalopods winch have onl\ the 



muscles (l>) y;iven oil' from (he posterior mai ei-.-,lit noimal feet, these present many \an 



i;ms of the lower mandible are inserted mti> atious; ami, although tlu \ are '.;cneiall\ re 



the anterior extremilv of the homy lingual maikable tor then length, yet in some species, 



rasp hereafter to be described. Other internal as l ' u> (! - ln ev are cxlieim-ly 



mnsenlar pails will be mentioned m the de short, resembling the digital processes of the 



MTiption (' the visceia to which tin \ relate. Nautilus. In OctO/Mli JC^/ftM, the first OT 



The musiiilar system of the Pibranclnate dorsal pair is alone developed so astosene 



Cephalopods. like their internal skeleton, is - s a loeomotix c organ. and the animal must cia\\ I 



much more claboralelv developed than in the along the ground by means of this pair only. 

 inferior order of which the Nautilus is (he io TOOSl OctOpods the first pair of fctl IS the 



t\pe: but tho same plan may be observed to -o longest. In (',.,.'..> .1 ....... m which the 



vrrii the disposition ot all the prnu ipal mass, s. 'eel app.uentl\ juesenl the maximum of de 



A hollow cone of nuiscnlar tibics is attached ^elopm^ut. the dorsal feet aie ten times, and 



by a truncated apex to the anterior margin of the V*nUal 01)09 fty tUU@S, the h-ngth ot t!u> 



tlie cephalu- cartilage, 01 to niiuvssfs 'drvr bo,l\ . llesitles their s\iueruu- length the ilorsal 



IOJHH! therefrom, in order to atlord these fibres tl>t>t pwsfnt other peculiarities in this family 



ni m creased surface of origin. The fibres are f ( fphalopmta. In the genus Argv***t* 



interlaced, one with another, in a close .uid (. f: :^ '^ 1 ' ; . ' I . N the> aic pi o\ idc.l w ilh expanded 



compact manner as the cone expands to membranes, the tabled use ol which has at 



form the cavity containing the tlcshv mass fouled a beautiful subject for poetic in 



of mouth; and at the anterior uxlrcnntv of "'all ages; but similar appendages occur in 



the mouth (hey are continued forwauls and <'' v , -ind in ( ', . in 



separate into eight distmet portions, which hich both the tnsj and second pansot t ( c( 



form th arms. snppoit luo.ul aiul tlnn nu-mbiancs at their 



These- ori-.ans are developed in a kind of extiemitu-s. Now neither of these specie's in 



mver.se pioportion lolheboilv, bem -, i-eneralU , habit a .shell, in which the expanded me'in- 



as Aristotle* twice takes occasion to observe-. bianes conKI he useel to w alt the- annual aloiu; 



loilgrst m the shi'rt lound bodn d (*>.,.. ,>i the sin tace ot the ocean, as has been said or 



I'oulps, .nut shoite-st m the- Ion:; bo.lud Cala Minr. >'l th< Aigon.iut (UMII Aristotle' tot'ii\ie-i. 



manes, Se-pia-. \c. in vxhie'li the- two e-loif.alcd nolu ( '" "iiachus (o l\ron. The ph\ siologist. 



le-tiactde tentacle's (,/, ; ( 'S, ?0'.n are' 1U I'ontemplatmg tlu- striutme of the ve-lateel 



superaelde'd. bv wav of rompeiisalion These " llls - ls compelled to disallow them the pow t -r 



latter oiy.ans are- i.nclv eoulnmed liom ihe (>l being maintamcil e-re-i t and expamled to 

 muscular eo:u- inclosinj: the apparatus of the' 



month, but arise fiom the ceplulic eaililagc-. * ' l> ''- '!.. iv. c. 1.4. 



close togethei, internal to the origins of the f I'ho K rmi */,,/. <.t \ ,,s..j!-. il.- , -, K !,i i -,-i ,,t 



X> III. tl llA> , ,MV!\ . Mll,.lr s, ,1,'s ,'t Ml, U 1 



i ^(ircio* <H /<M|MO or OalaMariMj i|>|-i'> ( -ii 



' Dr HiM..fi;i Aiiiin.Miuin. ( Kl. S.I. 111 -i,!,i. l.i |. I..- It,,- / !, ,.f u.o.l 



i,) lib. iv. .. i. , .x MtwraUstt. 



