ENTOZOA. 



123 



Filaria bronchialis, 

 magnified. 



bronchialis (fig. 68); it was detected by Treut- 

 ler* in the enlarged 

 Fig. 68. bronchial glands of a 



man : the length of this 

 worm is about an inch ; 

 it is slender, subatten- 

 uated anteriorly (a), 

 and emitting the male 

 spiculum from an in- 

 curved obtuse anal ex- 

 tremity (b). 



The next Human 

 Entozoon of the No- 

 rn atoid order belongs 

 to the genus Tricfto- 

 cephalus, which, like 

 Filaria, is character- 

 ized by an orbicular 

 mouth, but differs from 

 it in the capillary form 

 of the anterior part of 

 the body, and in the 

 form of the sheath or 

 preputial covering of 

 the male spiculum. The species in question, 

 the Tricocephalus dispar, Rud. is of small size, 

 and the male (* fig. 69) is rather less than the 

 female. It occurs most commonly in the 

 ccecum and colon, more rarely in the small 

 intestines. Occasionally it is found loose in 

 the abdominal cavity, having perforated the 

 coats of the intestine. The capillary portion 

 of this species makes about two-thirds of its 

 entire length ; it is transversely striated, and 

 contains a simple straight intestinal canal; 

 the head (a) is acute, with a small simple 

 terminal mouth. The thick part of the body 

 is spirally convoluted on the same plane, and 

 exhibits more plainly the dilated moniliform 

 intestine (6) ; it terminates in an obtuse anal 

 extremity, from the inner side of which pro- 

 ject the intromittent spiculum and its sheath 

 (c, d). The corresponding extremity in the 

 female exhibits a simple foramen, which, like 

 the outlet of a cloaca, serves the office of both 

 anus and vulva. 



With respect to the following parasite of the 

 Human body, the Spiroptera Hominis, Rud., 

 considerable obscurity prevails. A poor wo- 

 man, who is still living in the workhouse of 

 the parish of St. Sepulchre, London, has been 

 subject, since the year 1806, (when she was 

 twenty-four years old,) up to the present time, 

 to retention of urine, accompanied with dis- 

 tress and pain indicative of disease of the 

 bladder. The catheter has been employed 

 from time to time during this long period to 

 draw off the urine, and its application has 

 been, and continues occasionally to be, followed 

 by the extraction and subsequent discharge of 

 worms, or vermiform substances, with nume- 

 rous small granular bodies. The latter are of 

 uniform size, resembling small grains of sand : 

 those which we have examined, and which were 

 preserved in spirit, present a subglobular, or 

 irregularly flattened form ; but when recently 



* Opusc. Patholog. Anat. p. 10, tab. ii. fig. 3 

 7. Hamularia Lymphatica. 



Fig 69. 



Trichocephalw dispar. (* Natural sixe.) 



expelled, I am assured by my friend Dr. 

 Arthur Farre, that they are perfectly spherical ; 

 they consist of an external smooth, firm, dia- 

 phanous coat, including a compact mass of 

 brown and minutely granular substance. The 

 inner surface of the containing capsule pre- 

 sents, under the microscope, a regular, beau- 

 tiful, and minute reticulation, produced by 

 depressions or cells of a hexagonal form. 

 These, therefore, we regard as ova, and not as 

 fortuitous morbid productions.* The vermi- 



* " Ovula vero sic dicta subglobosa cum arenulis 



