206 



EYE. 



much assisted by the action of the straight 

 muscles pulling the eye-ball against the socket, 

 and compressing the posterior part, which, as 

 it is the only membranous part in many fishes, 

 would appear to be formed so for that pur- 

 pose." Although it must be admitted that 

 these conclusions of Sir E. Home are derived 

 from insufficient data, and are probably incor- 

 rect in many particulars, yet it is not very im- 

 probable that the part in question may be mus- 

 cular, and, if so, may be instrumental in adapt- 

 ing the eye to distance by pushing up the 

 retina toward the lens. The organization of 

 the part is certainly not merely vascular, as 

 stated by Cuvier, and undoubtedly bears a 

 stronger resemblance to muscular than any 

 other structure; it also retains the peculiar 

 colour of red muscle after all the rest of the 

 eye has been blanched by continued macera- 

 tion in water. I think, however, Sir E. Home 

 goes too far when he describes a central tendon 

 without reservation. 



For further information on the subject of 

 this article, see VISION, and VISION, ORGAN 

 OF. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. In pursuit of information re- 

 specting the anatomy of the eye, the student need 

 scarcely go farther back than Zinn's work, or the 

 article on the same subject in Haller's Elementa 

 Physiologiae. The older anatomical writers were, 

 generally speaking, uninformed on the subject. 

 Ruysch's works contain some observations worthy 

 of attention at the time he wrote, but now scarcely 

 worth recording ; especially as he was a vain man, 

 and wrote for present fame and character rather 

 than truth. In Albinus's Annotationes Academicee 

 a few facts are recorded, upon the accuracy of 

 which the student may place reliance, as he was 

 an anatomist. Morgagni also added to the existing 

 information of the period at which he wrote, but 

 has left little more than notes or cursory remarks. 

 Petit's papers in the Memoires de I Academic 

 Royale des Sciences contain much original and 

 valuable matter. In this earlier period the con- 

 tributions of Nuck, Hovius, Briggs, and Leeuwen- 

 hoek should not be overlooked. Cotemporary with 

 or immediately following Haller and Zinn, Porter- 

 field, Le Cat, Lieutaud, the second Monro, Blu- 

 menbach, Sommerring, and many others made 

 valuable additions to our information on this subject. 

 The annexed list contains the titles of those works 

 which I have consulted ; some of the more modern 

 German monographs I have been obliged to quote 

 or consult from those who copied from them, 

 having endeavoured in vain to procure them : such 

 are those of Db'llenger, Chelius, Huschke, Jacob- 

 son, Kieser, Weber, and some others. 



Nuck, Lialographia et ductuum aquosorura ana- 

 tome nova, Lugd. Bat. 1695. Warner Chrouet, 

 De tribns humoribus oculi, 1691 . Hovius, De circu- 

 lari humorum motu in oculis, Ludg. Bat. 1716. 

 Briggs, Ophthalmographia, Lugd. Bat. 1686. 

 Leuwenhoek, Arcana naturae detecta, Delphis, 1695 ; 

 or in the Philosophical Transactions, or in the 

 translation of his select works by Hoole, Lond. 

 1816. Ruyschii Thesaurus, Amstel. 1729. Al- 

 binus, Annotationes academics. Morgagni, Ad- 

 versaria anatomica, Ludg. Bat. 1723, and Epistolas, 

 Venetiis, 1750. Haller, Elementa physiologic 

 corporis humani, torn. v. Lausanne, 1763 ; also 

 in Opera minora, and Formation du coeur dans le 

 poulet. Zinn, Descriptio anatomira ocu'i humani, 

 Gottiug. 1780, and also in Comme.ntarii Societatis 

 Regiae Scientiartim Gottina;enses, t. iv. 1754. Petit, 

 in Memoires de 1'Academie Royale des Sciences, 

 1723, 25, 26, &c. Winslow, Mem. de 1'Acad. 



1721. Moeller, Observationes circa retinam, in 

 Hallcri Disputationes anatomicae select, t. vii. 

 Camper, De quibusdam oculi partibus, in Halleri 

 Disp. anat. Lobe, De oculo humano, in same. 

 Wintringham, On animal structure, London, 1740. 

 LeCat, Traite des Sens, Rouen, 1740. Bertrandi, 

 Dissertatio de oculo, in Opere anatomische e 

 cerusiche. Porterfield, On the eye, Edinburgh, 1759. 

 Lieutaud, Essais anatomiques, Paris, 1766. Dud- 

 dell, Treatise on the diseases of the horny coat in 

 the eye, Lond. 1729. Descemet, An sola lens 

 crystallina cataractae sedes, Paris, 1758. Demours, 

 Lettre a M. Petit, Paris, 1767. Brendel, De fabrica 

 oculi in foetibus abortivis, Got. 1752. Blumenbach, 

 De oculis Ieuco3thiopum et iridis motu, Gott. 1786. 

 Wachendorf, Commercium litterarinm, 1744. Fon- 

 tana, Traite sur le venin de la vipere, Florence, 

 1781. Walther, J. G. Epistola anat. ad Wilhelm 

 Hunter, Berolin, 1758. Sommering, Abbildungendes 

 menschlichen Auges, or Icones oculi humani ; or 

 translated into French by Demours. Sommering, also 

 in Commentarii Soc. Reg. Gotting. Monro, On the 

 brain, the eye, and the ear, Edin. 1797. Camparetti, 

 Observationes dioptricae et anatomicae de coloribus, 

 visu et oculo, Patavii, 1798. Sattig, Lentia crys- 

 tallinae structura fibrosa, Halae, 1794. Mauchart, 

 De cornea, in Haller's Disputationes chirurgicae, 

 or in. Reuss Dissertationes Tubingenses. Dr. 

 Young, in the Philosophical Tansactions, 1793 et 

 seq. Home, in several papers in the Philosophical 

 Tiansactions, see Index. Reil, De structura ner- 

 vorum, Halae, 1796. Rosenthal, De oculi quibus- 

 dam partibus, 1801. Angely, De oculo organisque 

 lachrymalibus, Erlang. 1803 ; or, again, Schreger 

 vergleichenden Anatomie des Auges, Leipzig, 1810. 

 Baerens, Systematis lentis crystallina monographia, 

 Tubingae, 1819, and in Radius Scriptores oph- 

 thalmologici minores. Clemens, Tunicae corneae et 

 humoris aquei monographia, Gott. 1816, and in 

 Radius, S. O. M. Sachs, Historia duorum leu- 

 coethiopum, Solisbaci, 1812. Maunoir, Sur 1'or- 

 ganisation de 1'iris, Paris, 1812. Ribes, in Me- 

 moires de la Societe Med. d'Emulation, an 8ieme, 

 Paris, 1817. Chelius, Ueber die durchsichtige 

 Hornhaut des auges, Carlsruhe, 1818. Voit, Oculi 

 humani anatomia et pathologia, Norimbergae, 1810. 

 Hegar, De oculi partibus quibusdam, Gott. 1818. 

 Cuvier, Le9ons d'anat. comp. Bell's Anatomy. 

 Meckel's Handbuch d. menschl. anatomic, or the 

 French translation. Sommering, D.W. De oculorum 

 hominis animaliumque sectione horizontale, Gott. 



1818. Knox, Comparative anatomy of the eye, 

 Trans. Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1823. Cloquet, 

 J. Sur la .membrane pupillaire, Paris, 1818. 

 7ac0&so,Supplementa ad ophthalmiatriam.Havniae, 

 1821. D'ollenger, Illustratio ichnographica oculi, 

 Werceburg, 1817. Weber, De motu iridis, Lipsiae, 

 1828. Jacob, in Philosophical Transactions, 1819. 

 Martegiani, Novae Observationes de oculo human., 

 Napoli, 1812. Sawrey, An account of a newly - 

 discovered membrane in the human eye, Lond. 

 1807. Husche, Commentatio de pectinis in oculo 

 avium potestate, Jenae, 1827. Schneider, Das ende 

 der nervenhaut in menslichen auges, Munchen, 

 1827. Kieser, De anamorphosi oculi, Gott. 1804. 

 Jacob, in Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. xii. 

 Lond. 1823. F. A, ab Amman, De genesi et usu 

 maculae lutrae, Vinariae, 1830. Dieterich, F. C. 

 Uber die verwundengen des linsensystems, Tubing. 

 1824. D'ollenger, Ubor das Strahlenblaitchen im 

 menschlichen auges in Acta Ph. Med. Acad. Caesar- 

 Leop. Car. nat. cur. t. ix. Horrebow, M. Tractatus 

 de oculo humano, Havniae, 1792. Jacob Imans, 

 Dissertatio inaug. de oculo, Lugd. Bat. 1820. 

 Lieblien, V. Bemerkungen iibcr das system der 

 krystalliense bei Saugthieren und. vogeln. Wurz- 

 burg, 1821. Mutter , F. Anatomische und physio- 

 logist-he darstellung des menschlichen auges, Wien. 



1819. J. M'uller, Zur vergliechendcu physiologic 

 des gesichtssines des menschen und der Thiere, 

 Leipsig, 1826. G. R. Treviranus, Beitrage znr 

 anatomic und physiologie der Sinneswerkezeuge des 



