HERMAPHRODITISM. 



701 



was attached to the ovary by a kind of ligament. 

 On this same side of the body (the right) there 

 existed also a vesicula semmalis, but smaller 

 and more shrivelled than that on the left. It 

 gave off a vas deferens, which became gradu- 

 ally smaller as it was traced backwards, and at 

 last disappeared altogether without being con- 

 nected with any structure resembling a testi- 

 cle. In regard to the external organs of 

 generation, the penis was four inches long 

 and imperforate, but in all other respects per- 

 fectly formed. It possessed a corpus spongi- 

 osum, which does not exist in the female 

 clitoris. On raising the penis, it was observed 

 to cover a large fissure, the sides of which 

 resembled the labia of a female. In the left 

 labium or left half of the scrotum the testicle 

 already alluded to was placed, but there was 

 none in the right. When the labia were 

 separated, t\vo red spongy bodies were seen, 

 resembling the nymphae in appearance, and 

 seemingly consisting of the sides of the split 

 urethra. Between these bodies and at their 

 upper part, the urethra opened as in the female ; 

 while below there was a very narrow aperture 

 covered by a semilunar membrane, and pre- 

 senting on one side of its entrance a small ex- 

 crescence somewhat resembling in figure a 

 caruncula myrtiformis. This orifice led into 

 a membranous canal or cul-de-sac an inch in 

 depth, and half an inch in diameter. On the 

 lower part of this canal the verumontanum and 

 orifices of the seminal ducts of both sides were 

 discovered. 



During life Pierre had been considered a 

 male, but was not known to have shown 

 any partiality for the female sex. His counte- 

 nance was more delicate than what we ordi- 

 narily see in the male sex. There was no 

 beard on the face ; the larynx was not enlarged 

 as in man ; and the mammae, each of which 

 was furnished with a very large areola, were of 

 a moderate size and roundish form. The con- 

 figuration of the lower part of the body was 

 more decidedly masculine, and there was 

 none of that enlargement of the buttocks and 

 projection of the thighs, from the increased 

 width of the pelvis, which is observable in 

 young females. 



In this case we have on the left side of the 

 body male sexual organs, consisting of a per- 

 fect testicle, vas deferens,and vesicula seminalis. 

 On the right side, again, we have a female ovary 

 and Fallopian tube with a rudimentary uterus, 

 together with an imperfect male vesicula semi- 

 nalis and vas deferens. 



Arnaud mentions a very imperfect form 

 of lateral hermaphroditism as having been re- 

 cognised by M. Boudou, surgeon to the Hotel- 

 Dieu of Paris, on the person of a monk who 

 died in that hospital in 1726. The external 

 genital parts were those of a hypospadic male. 

 In one of the halves of the scrotum a testicle 

 was found ; the other was empty. The seminal 

 canals and vesiculae seminales on the side on 

 which the perfect testicle existed were natural 

 in their course and situation. Those of the 

 opposite side lost themselves between the 



bladder and rectum in a small body, which, in 

 M. Boudou's opinion, was a shrunk uterus.* 



Among the preceding cases of lateral herma- 

 phroditism in the human subject, there are four 

 in which the left side, and one only in which 

 the right was the female. In the last instance 

 quoted from Boudou the respective sides on 

 which the male and female organs were placed 

 are not stated by Arnaud. 



B. Transverse hermaphroditism. In the 

 variety of hermaphroditic malformation which 

 we have last considered, we have found upon 

 the same individual the reproductive organs of 

 one side disagreeing in their sexual type from 

 those of the other. In the present division we 

 have a similar sexual antagonism following a 

 different direction ; for supposing the internal 

 sexual apparatus to be divided from the 

 external by a transverse line, we have, in trans- 

 verse hermaphroditism, on each side of this 

 partition, organs of an opposite sexual type : 

 in other words, the organs of reproduction 

 (in the more correct sense of the word) or the 

 internal sexual organs do not, in the present 

 species of hermaphroditism, correspond in type 

 with the organs of copulation, or the external 

 sexual parts, a circumstance the occasional 

 occurrence of which tends to shew that these 

 two portions of the generative apparatus are in 

 some degree independent of one another in 

 their normal development and existence, and 

 consequently also in their abnormal formations. 



Transverse hermaphroditism varies in its 

 character according to the relative positions 

 occupied by the co-existing male and female 

 oigans ; the external organs, or all those ex- 

 terior to the supposed transverse line, being 

 sometimes female, and the internal male, and 

 vice versa. 



I. Transverse hermaphroditism with the 

 external sexual organs of the female type. In 

 the cases included under this division, the ex- 

 ternal genital organs consist of a clitoris, 

 vagina, and uterus ; the uterus is often rudi- 

 mentary, and sometimes altogether absent and 

 replaced by the male vesiculae seminales. The 

 male internal organs are the testicles, generally 

 small and imperfectly developed, and placed 

 either within or without the abdomen, with 

 vasa deferentia terminating in the uterus and 

 vagina. 



This variety of sexual malformation has been 

 repeatedly observed among our domestic 

 quadrupeds, particularly among black cattle. 

 Mr. John Hunter, in an essay read before the 

 Royal Society in 1779, and published in their 

 Transactions,! and in his Observations on the 

 Animal Economy, shewed that, (as had been 

 long known among agriculturists,) when among 

 black cattle the cow brings forth twin calves, 

 one of them a male, and the other apparently 

 a female, the male is a perfect bull calf, but the 

 female, while it has all the external marks of 

 a cow-calf, as the teats and udder, is still, with 

 a few exceptions, imperfectly formed in its 



* Arnaud, loc. cit. p. 283. 

 t Vol. Ixix. 



