IIERMAPHRODITISM. 



703 



To the present division of transverse herma- 

 phroditic malformation with external female and 

 internal male organs, we may probably also 

 refer the case of the hermaphrodite dog de- 

 tailed by Sir E. Home,* and three instances in 

 the sheep described by Ruysch,f Herholdt,J 

 and Gurlt. In all these instances imperfectly 

 developed testicles were situated either within 

 the abdomen or without it upon the udder, at 

 the same time that the external parts exhibited 

 in a more or less marked degree the peculiarities 

 of the female sex ; the vagina was, however, nar- 

 rower, and the clitoris more developed than in 

 the perfectly formed female ; and in the dog 

 mentioned by Home, this latter organ was very 

 large, being three quarters of an inch long, and 

 half an inch broad, but still it could not pro- 

 perly be considered as an imperfect penis, since 

 the bone, which forms the distinguishing mark 

 of that organ in the dog, was wanting. 



Few well-marked instances of transverse 

 hermaphroditism with external female organs 

 have been hitherto described as observed in the 

 human subject, unless we regard as an approach 

 to it the numerous cases, already referred to, of 

 spurious hermaphroditic malformation in the 

 male from hypospadic division of the urethra, 

 scrotum, and perinseum. 



. In his essay on hermaphroditism, how- 

 ever, SteghlehnerU has detailed at great length 

 the particulars of a case belonging to the present 

 variety, which he met with on the body of a 

 woman who died of phthisis at the age of 

 twenty-three. The external sexual organs were 

 all of the female type and in general well 

 formed, though the clitoris and nymphre were 

 perhaps smaller than natural, and the orificium 

 vaginae was rather contracted and half shut up 

 by a hymen. The fossa navicularis was very 

 distinct, and the vagina normally situated, but 

 extremely short and narrow. Its internal sur- 

 face presented an appearance of transverse and 

 longitudinal rugae, but its upper extremity 

 formed a blind sac, and no traces could be 

 found beyond it of the uterus, nor indeed any 

 vestiges whatever of the other internal female 

 organs, the ovaries and Fallopian tubes. On 

 more minute examination a testicle with its 

 spermatic cord was found in each inguinal 

 region, placed outside the external ring, and 

 surrounded with their cremaster muscles and 

 vaginal coats. The testicles were flaccid and 

 small, but their internal structure and that of 

 their epididymes was natural ; and the slender 

 pervious vasa deferentia arising from them 

 entered the abdomen, descended into the pelvis, 

 and were joined behind the urinary bladder by 

 two vesicula? seminales of considerable size. 

 Their common ejaculatory ducts opened into 

 the vagina. The form of the thorax and pelvis, 

 and of the body in general, was feminine ; and 



* Phil. Trans, for 1795, p. 157. Comp. Anat. 

 iii. 323. 



t Thesaur. Anat. viii. n. c. iii. tab. 115. 



t Viborg's Sammlungs fuer Thierartze (1797.) 

 s.25. 



$ Lehrbuch, &c. Bd. ii. s. 186. tab. ix. 2. and 

 xxii. s. 2, 



|| Tract, tie Hermaphr, natura, p. 120. 



the mammae and nipples were well developed, 

 but the larynx was rather more protuberant than 

 in females, and the voice approached in tone 

 to that of a man. There had never been any 

 menstrual discharge, but the periodical moli- 

 mina indicative of its appearance were said to 

 have been observed regularly. There were 

 some haemorrhoidal tumours situated around 

 the anus. 



b. If possible a still more perfect example 

 of the present variety of transverse hermaphro- 

 ditism in the human subject has lately been 

 observed at Naples. The malformation occurred 

 in the person of an individual Maria E. Arsano, 

 who died at the age of eighty in one of the 

 pauper charities at Naples, and who had passed 

 through life as a female and been married as 

 such. No suspicion of the malformation 

 existed during life, and it was only at first 

 accidentally discovered in preparing the dead 

 body for demonstration in the anatomical 

 theatre of Professor Ricco, who afterwards 

 carefully dissected the malformed parts in com- 

 pany with Professors Sorrentino and Grosetti. 

 We have taken the following account and 

 sketches from Ricco 's published description of 

 the case.* 



The external organs of generation were those 

 of the female in their natural or normal state, 

 consisting of the mons veneris with a scanty 

 quantity of hair (fig. 295, a) ; of the labia ex- 



Fig. 295. 



terna (fig. 295 & 296, b b) naturally formed, and 

 the nymphae (fig. 295 & 296, d d) ; of the 

 clitoris Cj?g.295 & 296, c), which was perfectly 

 imperforate, and of the ordinary size of the 

 same organ in the adult female ; of the orifice 

 of the urethra (fig. 295 & 296, e) situated be- 

 low the clitoris; and of the os vagina (fig. 

 295 & 296,/J, which was of the usual size and 

 diameter. Altogether the aperture of the vulva 

 was natural. The canal of the urethra was 

 of the usual length, as seen at u in the section 



* Cenno Storico sa di un Neutro-Uomo, p. 5, 7. 



