706 



IIERMAPHIIODITISM. 



M. Bouillaud's statement) two bodies in some 

 sort fibrous, and perhaps intermediate in 

 their structure between ovaries and testicles, 

 were found along with two Fallopian tubes 

 (jig- 299, g g), having each a fimbrialed ex- 

 tremity at one end, and opening by the other 

 into the cavity of an uterus (//) which occupied 

 the usual situation of that organ in the female, 

 and opened inferiorly into a kind of vagina (e). 

 The internal surface of the uterus showed the 

 usual arborescent wrinkles of this organ in the 

 unimpregnated state ; the os tincre was regularly 

 formed ; the vagina was about two inches long, 

 and of a middle size, and presented internally 

 numerous ridges, such as are met with in 

 virgins. This canal, when opposite the neck 

 of the bladder at /', became much contracted, 

 and was continued downwards in the form of 

 a small tube to the membraneous portion of 

 the urethra, into which it entered by a narrow 

 orifice. The broad ligaments of the uterus were 

 normally formed ; the round ligaments passed 

 through the inguinal canal accompanied each 

 by an artery larger than that of the correspond- 

 ing one in the female sex. 



The external appearance and form of Vahnont 

 are described by M. Bouillaud as having been 

 intermediate between those of the male and 

 female sex. The stature was short ; the mam- 

 mary glands and nipples were well developed; 

 the face was bearded ; but the general phy- 

 siognomy was still delicate. The body was fat; 

 the hands and feet were small ; the pelvis was 

 shallow ; and the haunches were wider than in 

 a well-formed man. 



C. Double or vertical hcnnaphroditisw. 

 In the two divisions or orders of true herma- 

 phroditism which have been already considered,, 

 we have seen re-united upon the body of the 

 same individual more or fewer of the organs 

 of the two sexes, but so arranged as not neces- 

 sarily at least to present the occurrence of actual 

 duplicity in any of the corresponding male 

 and female parts. In both lateral and trans- 

 verse hermaphroditism the type of the sexual 

 apparatus is in fact single in so far that it con- 

 sists> in almost all cases, in the presence at 

 one part of an organ or organs differing in 

 sexual type from those that are present at other 

 parts, without there necessarily co-existing at 

 any one point the two corresponding male 

 and female organs. In the present or third 

 variety, however, of true hermaphroditism, we 

 come to a tendency to actual sexual duplicity > 

 in the co-existence of two or more of the ana- 

 logous organs of the two sexes upon the same 

 side, or in the same vertical line of the body. 

 For, supposing we viewed, either from before 

 or behind, the reproductive organs belonging 

 to the two sexes all stretched out upon the 

 same erect plane, so that their corresponding 

 organs should be exactly superimposed upon 

 one another, as the two female ovaries upon 

 the two male testicles, the Fallopian tubes upon 

 the vasa deferentia, the uterus upon the vesi- 

 culae seminales and prostate gland, &c.,' we 

 should find in vertical or double hermaphro- 

 ditism more or fewer of those analogous organs 

 of the two sexes that were thus placed upon 

 one another, and that consequently lay in the 

 same vertical line, or upon the same side of the 

 body, co-existing together at the same time 

 upon the same individual. 



Double, vertical, or complex hermaphro- 

 ditism differs much in variety and degree in 

 different cases, from the imperfect repetition of 

 two only of the corresponding organs of the 

 male and female upon the same body, to the 

 reunion or co-existence of almost all the genital 

 organs of both sexes upon one individual. 



For the purpose of contrasting and collect- 

 ing together as much as possible the more ana- 

 logous cases, we shall arrange the instances of 

 double hermaphroditism under three genera 

 or divisions; tliejirst including cases in which 

 there co-existed a female uterus and male vesi- 

 culae seminales, with a general female type; 

 the second, those in which a female uterus, 

 occasionally provided with Fallopian tubes, 

 was added to an organization that was in other 

 respects essentially male ; and the third com- 

 prehending all examples in which ovaries and 

 testicles are alleged to have been repeated toge- 

 ther upon one or both sides of the body. Other 

 divisions of double hermaphroditism may be- 

 come necessary under the accumulation of new 

 varieties of cases, but we believe it will be 

 possible to arrange all the instances hitherto 

 recorded under one or other of the above di- 

 visions. In classifying and describing these 

 instances we shall in the meanwhile offer no 

 observations on the probable anatomical mis- 

 takes that have been committed in the exami- 



