HERMAPIIRODITISM. 



713 



malformed male, the penis being short and im- 

 pervious, the scrotum divided, and the urethra 

 opening into a contracted perinseal fissure re- 

 sembling the female vulva. This anjmal had 

 often attempted connection with the female 

 sheep. 



Borkhausen* has described a very similar 

 case in the same species of animal. Each half 

 of the divided scrotum contained a testicle 

 which was regularly formed, but greater in size 

 than usual, and furnished with a large sperma- 

 tic artery. The pelvis contained a normal 

 uterus, which was smaller, however, than na- 

 tural ; it was provided with its usual ligaments. 

 The Fallopian tubes were present but imper- 

 forate, and the two ovaries were full of vesicles 

 and inclosed in a strong membrane. The 

 vagina was natural and opened as in the female. 

 Behind the divided scrotum the rudiment of 

 an udder with four teats (instead of two) was 

 situated. The male penis was also present, 

 but diminutive and short ; its erectores muscles 

 were small, and the prostate gland indistinct. 

 The urethra was single as it left the bladder, 

 but it afterwards divided into two canals, the 

 wider of which opened into the female vagina 

 and vulva, and the narrower ran through the 

 male penis. The urine passed in a full stream 

 through the former canal, and only by drops 

 through the latter. The animal is alleged to 

 have attempted coition in both ways. 



In 1829, an account of an hermaphroditic 

 goat was published at Naples, which is said to 

 have been provided with both female ovaries 

 and male testicles.f The two ovaries occupied 

 their usual situation ; no Fallopian tubes were 

 found ; but there were present a double-horned 

 uterus with blind cornua, and a vagina which 

 opened externally, as in the female. In the 

 neighbourhood of the ovaries, and more ex- 

 ternal than them, two small testicles were dis- 

 covered, having two vasa deferentia arising 

 from them. The vasa deferentia ran down- 

 wards to two corresponding vesicuiae seminales, 

 that were placed alongside of the uterus. In 

 the lower angle of the external pudenda, a 

 body, resembling in length the male penis more 

 than the female clitoris, was situated : it was, 

 as we have already had frequently occasion to 

 mention in regard to the penis in malformed 

 male quadrupeds, of a very tortuous or con- 

 voluted form. 



We have had an opportunity of examining an 

 excellent preserved specimen of double herma- 

 phroditism in the sow, referable to the present 

 section, which was met with some years ago by 

 Dr. Knox, and we have his permission to state 

 here the following particulars of the case. 



Among the internal female organs there is 

 present a natural well-formed double uterus, 

 provided with broad ligaments and two hollow 

 cornua, each about six or seven inches in length. 

 The rimbriated extremities are not distinctly 

 marked, the female tubes appearing to end 



* Rheinisches Mag. zur Erweiterung der Natur- 

 kunde. Gicsson 1793. Bd. i. *. 608. 



t Brcvi cenne su di un Neutro Capro; or, 

 Guilt's Pathologischen Auatouiie, Bd. ii. s. 198. 



blind at their upper terminations, as they have 

 often been observed to do in similar cases. 

 The os uteri opens inferiorly into a vagina, 

 which seems normal in its structure. At a 

 short distance from the upper extremity of each 

 horn of the uterus, two bodies of considerable 

 magnitude are seen lying in close juxta-position. 

 The smaller of these two bodies is on either 

 side about the size and shape of a large almond ; 

 and though internally of an indeterminate 

 amorphous structure, they are considered by 

 Dr. Knox as answering to the two ovaries. 

 The two larger bodies, which are placed 

 between the supposed ovaries and the upper 

 extremities of the cornua uteri, are most dis- 

 tinctly testicles, as shewn by their numerous tor- 

 tuous seminiferous tubes, which have been suc- 

 cessfully filled with-a mercurial injection. They 

 are of the full size of the organ in the adult 

 male. The seminiferous tubes of each testicle 

 terminate in a vas deferens, which was injected 

 from them ; and the two vasa deferentia run 

 downwards through the ligamenta lata of the 

 uterus, and terminate inferiorly in the upper 

 part of the vagina, thus following the course 

 of those natural canals in the female sow that 

 we shall afterwards have occasion to allude to 

 at greater length under the name of Gaertner's 

 ducts, and which Dr Knox, from the evidence 

 of the present case, believes to be in reality 

 typical of the male vasa deferentia. There is 

 no trace of vesicuiae seminales. Externally 

 the vagina opened along with the urethra upon 

 the perinaeum, at a point lower than natural in 

 the well-formed female. The clitoris in situa- 

 tion and size was nearly normal. 



The animal at the time of death was fourteen 

 months old ; it was ferocious in its habits ; and 

 it had been in vain tried to be fattened. It had 

 repeatedly shewn strong male propensities, and 

 at the season of heat its vagina is said to have 

 presented the usual injected appearance ob- 

 served in the female sow. 



Dr. Harlan of Philadelphia* has lately 

 described a still more perfect instance of dou- 

 ble hermaphroditism than any of the preceding, 

 which he met with in the body of a gibbon or 

 orang outang, from the Island of Borneo 

 /'Simla concolor). This animal died of tuber- 

 cular disease in Philadelphia in 1826, when it 

 was considered to be under two years of age. 

 Dr. Harlan gives the following account of its 

 sexual formation. The penis (^/zg.304, a) was 

 about one inch in length, and subject to erec- 

 tions ; it terminated in an imperforate glans ; 

 and a deep groove on its inferior surface served 

 as a rudimentary urethra. This groove extended 

 about two-thirds of the length of the penis, 

 the remaining portion being covered with a thin 

 articular diaphanous membrane, which extended 

 also across the vulva (6), and closed the external 

 orifice of the vagina. The vagina was rather 

 large, and displayed transverse striae. Traces 

 of the nymphae and labia externa were visible. 

 The meatus urinarius opened beneath the pubis 

 into the vagina, but the urine must have been 

 directed along the groove of the penis by the 



* Med. and Phys. Researches, p. 19. 



