1012 



ANALYTICAL INDEX. 



Hand, Regions of the, (continued). 

 ulnar nerve, .w? 

 muscles and tendons, 527 

 II. Dorsal region, 527 

 skin, 528 



subcutaneous layer and veins, &26 

 aponeurosis, 528 

 nerves, 528 



tendons and muscles, 528 

 arteries, 529 

 remarks on amputations of different members of 



the hand, 529 

 Hearing,, Organ of. The ear, 529 



I. The ear-bulb or fundamental organ of hearing, 529 

 I. osseous labyrinth, 529 

 vestibule, 530 

 semicircular canals, 530 

 cochlea, i31 



canalis spiralis, 531 



axis, modiolus, columella or central pil- 

 lar, 531 

 lamina spiralis, spiral lamina, and scalae, 



532 



the aqueducts, 532 

 membrane lining the labyrinthic cavity, 



of the cochlea in the recent state, 533 

 farther observations on the aqueducts, 536 

 of the liquid of the labyrinthic cavity, pe- 



rilymph, or liquid of Cotugno, 536 

 2. membranous labyrinth, 536 



common sinus, membranous ampullae, and 



membranous semicircular tubes, 537 

 saccule, sacculus rotundus, 538 

 liquid of the membranous labyrinth, endo- 



lymph or vitreous humour of the ear, 538 

 of the masses of calcareous matter contained 

 within the membranous labyrinth, otolithi 

 andotoconia, 539 

 auditory or acoustic nerve and its divisions, 



539 

 bloodvessels of the labyrinth, 512 



arteria cochleae and arteria vestibuli, 542 

 II. Accessory parts of the apparatus of hearing, 543 

 I. Middle ear or tympanum and its appendages : 

 cavity of the tympanum, 543 



promontory, fenestra rotunda, and fenes- 



tra ovalis, 543 

 eminentia papillaris s. protuberantia py- 



ramidalis, 544 

 cochleariform process, 544 

 osseous portion of the auditory passage, 544 



tympanic ring, 544 

 membrane of the tympanum, 545 



structure of the proper membrane, 545 

 hiatus Rivinianus, 546 

 the ossicles or small bones of the ear, 546 

 malleus or hammer bone, 546 

 incus or anvil-bone, 546 

 stapes or stirrup-bone, 547 

 position, connexions, and articulations of 



the small bones of the ear, 547 

 muscles of the small bones, 548 



internus mallei s. tensor tympani, 548 

 stapedius, muscle of the stapes, 549 

 lining membrane of the cavity of the tym- 

 panum, 5-19 



the Eustachian tube, 549 

 osseous part, 549 



cartilaginous and membranous por- 

 tion, 550 



2. The external ear, including the auditory pas- 

 sage, 5M) 



A. The auricle, auricula s. pinna, 550 



helix, 550 

 antihelix, 551 

 antitragus, 5M 

 tragus, 551 

 ligaments of the ear: 



anterior ligament and posterior ligament, 



551 

 muscles of the ear : 



muscles which move the ear as a whole, or 

 extrinsic muscles : 



elevator auris, attollens auriculam, 



551 



retractor muscles, retrahentes auri- 

 culam, 552 



anterior muscle, attrahens auricu- 

 lam, 552 



intrinsic muscles of the ear: 

 helicis major, 552 

 helicis minor, 552 

 tragicus, 552 

 antitragicus, 552 

 transversus auriculae, 552 



B. The external auditory passage, meatus audito- 



rius externus, 552 



the cartilaginous and membranous por- 

 tion, 552 



inrisurae Santorinianae, 553 

 ceruminous (elands, 553 



Hearing, Organ of, (continued). 



nerves of the accessory parts of the apparatus 



of hearing, 554 

 nerves of the tympanum, 554 



nervus petrosus superficialis, 554 

 intumescentia gangliformis nervi fd- 



cialis, 554 



chorda tympani, 554 

 ramus auricularis nervi vagi, 554 

 nervous anastomosis in the tym- 

 panum, 554 

 nervus tympanicus, 554 

 nerves of the auricle and auditory pas- 

 sage, 555 



arteries of the external ear and tympanum, 

 556 



III. I. development and abnormal conditions of the 



organ of hearing, 557 



A. of the ear-bulb, 557 



B. of the tympanum and its contents : 



cavity of the tympanum, 559 

 small bones of the tympanum, 560 



C. of the external ear, 561 



IV. parallel between the ear and the eye, 562 

 Hearing, (in physiology,) 564 



preliminary observations on sound, 565 

 pitch, intensity, and quality in musical sounds, 566 

 reflexion of sound, 565 



part performed by each portion of the auditory appa- 

 ratus in the function of hearing : 



I. the internal ear, 567 



vestibule, the essential part, 567 

 office of the otolithes, 567 

 function of the cochlea, 568 

 function of the semicircular canals and sinus 

 commune, 569 



II. The accessory parts of the organ, 571 



the auricle, 571 



the tympanum and its contents, 572 

 Eustachian tube, 576 

 functions of the nerves, 576 

 Heart, (in anatomy,) 577 

 Human heart (normal anatomy) : 

 position, 578 



form and external surface, 578 

 right auricle, 579 



external surface, 579 

 internal surface, 579 



tuberculum Loweri, 580 

 fossa ovalis, vestigium foraminis ovalis, 580 

 annulus s. isthmus Vieussenii, 5HO 

 remains of the Eustachian valve, 580 

 valvula Thebesii, 580 

 foraminaThebesii, 580 

 musculi pectinati, 580 

 auriculo-ventiicular opening, 580 

 right ventricle, 580 



external surface, 580 

 internal surface, 580 



columnar carneae, 580 

 musculi papillares, 581 

 valvula tricuspis s. triglochis, 581 

 chordaj tendineae, 581 

 semilunar valves, 581 

 corpus Arantii, 513 

 left auricle : 



external surface, 582 

 internal surface, 582 

 left ventricle: 



external surface, 582 

 internal surface, 582 



bicuspid or mitral valve, 583 

 semilunar valves, 584 

 sinuses of Valsalva, 584 

 septum of the ventricles, 584 



thickness of the walls of the several cavities of the 

 heart, 585 



measurements, 586 

 relative capacities of the several cavities, 585 



measurements, 586 



relative dimensions of the auriculo-ventricular ori- 

 fices, 587 



circumference of the aortic and pulmonary orifices, 

 587 



measurements, 587 

 size and weight of the heart, 587 

 structure of the heart, 587 

 tendinous texture, 587 



auriculo-ventricular tendinous rings, 587 

 arterial tendinous rings, 587 

 tendinous structure of the auriculo-ventri- 

 cular valves, 589 

 tendinous structure in the arterial valves, 



589 

 attachment of the middle coat of the arteries 



to the arterial tendinous rings, 589 

 muscular tissue, 590 



of the ventricles, 590 

 of the auricles, 593 

 inner membrane of the heart, 594 

 nerves of the heart, 595 



middle cardiuc nerve, 595 



