RADIAL AND ULNAR ARTERIES. 



221 



the perforated condition of the clitoris, merit 

 our attention. The clitoris is very prominent, 

 and through it passes the urethra. Conse- 

 quently it has the structure of a penis, of 

 which it is the representative in the female 

 (fig- 



As appendix to my paper on the Quadru- 

 mana I think it necessary to mention the 

 Cheiromys psylodactylus or Aye- Aye of Mada- 

 gascar. This singular animal seems interme- 

 diate between the LemurintE and Rodentia. It 

 has the teeth of the last, but all the other 

 characters of the first. De Blainville has 

 elucidated them in a learned paper, published 

 a second time in his Osteographie, and he has 

 proved, indeed, that by the general form of 

 the skull, by the situation of the foramen occi- 

 pitale magnum, and of the lacrymal opening, by 

 the existence of an intermediate bone in the 

 carpus, by the length of the calcaneum and 

 scaphoid bone, the Cheiromys is indeed a Le- 

 murine animal. But we want a more per- 

 fect acquaintance with its organization and 

 with the form and number of its teeth in early 

 age, before it will be possible to determine 

 exactly, where this very rare animal ought to 

 be placed. 



To complete my anatomical description of 

 the Quadrumana it will be necessary to men- 

 tion the fossil specimens discovered recently 

 in Europe, India, and Brazil. The European 

 specimen consists in a lower jaw, discovered 

 near Auch in a soil of tertiary formation. It 

 seems to be of a Cercopithecus. The Indian 

 specimen was found in tertiary formation of 

 the mountainous district of the Himmalaya. 

 It is a fragment of a lower jaw, having some 

 analogy with the lower jaw of the Entellus. 

 The third specimen is American, and consists 

 in different bones of fossil Quadrumana, which 

 seem to be of a Cebus much larger than the 

 modern species. 



BIBLIOGKAPHY. Maximilian, Pr. zu Wied., 

 Beitr. z. Naturgeschichte von Brasilien, Weimar, 

 1826, B. 2. R. P. Lesson, Spec, des Mammiferes bi- 

 manes et quadrumanes, Paris, 1840. J. Geoff roy 

 St. Hilaire, Desc. des Mammiferes nouveaux ou im- 

 parfaitement connus de la Collection du Museum 

 d'Histoire naturelle, in Arch, du Musee d'Histoire 

 naturelle, torn. ii. 4 Liv., Paris, 1841, p. 485. Tem- 

 minck, Monographies de Mammalogie, Leyde, 1835, 

 torn. 2. 12e. Monographic sur le Genre Singe, Simia 

 Linn. Blainville, Osteographie, ou Description ico- 

 nographique comparee du Squelette et du Systeme 

 dentaire des Cinq Classes d'Animaux vertebras 

 recents et fossiles. Ogilby, The Menageries, in Libr. 

 of Entert. Knowledge, London, 1838, vol. i. Berichte 

 von der kb'niglichen anatomischen Anstalt zu 

 Konigsberg : Jer Bericht von Heinrich Rathke, mit 

 einem Beitrage zur vergleichenden Anatomie der 

 Affen, von Ernst Burdach, Konigsberg, 1838. J. 

 A.. Wagner, Beitr. zur Kenntniss der warmblutige 

 Wirbelthiere Amerika's, in Abhandl. d. mathem. 

 physik. Class, d. konigl. bayer. Akad. d. Wissensch., 

 Munchen, 1837, 2 B. p. 419. Natuurkundige Ver- 

 handelingen van P. Camper over den Orang-outang 

 en eenige andere Aapsoorten, Amsterdam, 1782. R. 

 Owen, On the Osteology of the Chimpanzee and 

 Orang-utan : Trans, of the Zool. Soc. of London, 

 vol. i. p. 343, London, 1835. G. Sandifort, Ont- 

 leerkundige Beschryving van een volwassen Orang- 



oetan (Simia Satyrus) in Verhandelingen over de 

 Natuurlyke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche over- 

 seesche Bezittingen, Leiden, 1840. Herman Schlegel 

 en Sal. Muller Bydragen tot de Natuurlyke Historie 

 van den Orang-cetan in the same Memoirs. E. 

 Tyson, Orang-outang, sive Homo sylvestris, or the 

 Anatomy of a Pygmie compared with that of a 

 Monkey, an Ape, and a Man, London, 1699. T. 8. 

 Traill, Observ. on the Anatomy of the Orang-outang 

 in Mem. of the Wernerian Natural History Society 

 vol. iii., Edinb. 1841, p. 1. C. F. Heusinger, Vier 

 Abbildungen des Schedels der Simia Satyrus von 

 verschiedenen Alter., Marburg, 1838. A. Vosmaer, 

 Beschryving van de zoo zeldzame als zonder- 

 linge Aapsoort, genannd Orang-outang van het 

 Eiland Borneo, Amsterdam, 1778. D. L. Osamp, 

 Naauwkeurige Beschryving van den grooten en 

 kleinen Orang-outang, Amsterdam, 1803. W. 

 Vrolik, Recherches d'Anatomie comparee sur le 

 Chimpanse, Amsterdam, 1841. F. Tiedemann, Icones 

 Cerebri Simiarum et quorundam Animalium rario- 

 rum, Heidelberg, 1821. F. Tiedemann, Him des 

 Orang-outang's mit dem des Menschen verglichen 

 in Zeitschrift f. die Physiologic, Darmstadt, 1827 ; 

 2 B. p. 17. C. A. Rudolphi, Ueb. d. Embryo d. 

 Affen u. einige andere Saugethiere, Berlin, 1828. 

 T. S. Leuckart, Ueb. die Bildung d. Geslechtsor- 

 gane insbesondere der ausseren einiger Affen in 

 Zoologische Bruchstucke; Stuttgart, 1841, ii. p. 

 37. A. W. Otto, Ueb. eine neue Affenart den 

 Cercopithecus leucoprymnus in Nov. Act. C. L. C. nat. 

 Curios, vol. xii. p. 2. R. Owen, On the sacculated 

 Form of stomach as it exists in the Genus Semno- 

 pithecus, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. i. p. 65. G. Fischer, 

 Anat. d. Maki, Frankfort am Main, 1804. G. R. 

 Waterhouse, on the Genus Galeopithecus ; Zool. 

 Trans, vol. ii. p. 4. J. L. C. Schroeder van der Kolk, 

 Bydrage tot de Anatomie van den Stenops Kukang in 

 Tydschr. voor Nat. Geschiedenis en Physiologic, D. 

 8. pi. 277. W. Vrolik, Rech. d'Anatomie comparee 

 sur le genre Stenops in N. Verhand. der le Klasse 

 koninkl. nederl. Inst. D. 10. Amsterdam, Oct. 1843. 

 To this bibliography ought yet to be added H. 

 Burmeister, Beitrage zur naheren Keuntniss der 

 Gattung Tarsius, Berlin, 1846. I regret that this 

 very valuable work was not published when I wrote 

 my article in 1843. 



(W. Vrolik.} 



RADIAL AND ULNAR ARTERIES. 



(Arteres radiale et ulnaire Speichenpulsader 

 und Ellenbogenpulsader.*) The nomenclature 

 of the different branches of the systemic cir- 

 culation is based upon two principles. Ac- 

 cording to one of these, the distinction of 

 appellation is grounded upon the tubes them- 

 selves ; their different ramifications being 

 designated by as many names, which usually 

 more or less connote the ultimate destination 

 of the vital fluid they contain. Where this 

 method fails, another remains, which, though 

 essentially arbitrary, is yet of the highest im- 

 portance : a method which, in order to their 

 stricter contemplation by the anatomist, and 

 their more accurate recognition by the sur- 

 geon, isolates different lengths of one and 

 the same tube, according to changes in its 

 position and relations with respect to neigh- 

 bouring parts. 



The radial and ulnar arteries, whose anato- 

 my is here to be considered, are included in 

 the first of these categories ; being the 

 branches which result from the bifurcation of 

 the artery for the upper extremity. Com- 

 mencing in their ordinary distribution, oppo- 

 site and anterior to the elbow joint, they 



