30-t 



REPTILIA. 



3. A little artery appropriated to the sub- 

 clavian muscle. 



The subclavian then bifurcates to form a 

 large ascending branch, and a smaller ex- 

 ternal branch. From the ascending branch 

 arise 



4. The superior cervical (vertebral of 

 Bojanus) which supplies the muscles of the 

 superior region of the neck, gives off some 

 spinal branches, and at length becomes con- 

 founded with the cervical recurrent. 



5. Two small spinal branches for the 

 vertebrae of the neck. 



6. An intercostal branch, which divides to 

 form the two anterior intercostals. 



7. The ascending branch of the subclavian 

 then turns downwards and backwards to form 

 the analogue of the internal mammary, which 

 runs along the external margin of the carapax, 

 receives in succession the intercostal arteries, 

 and ultimately becomes continuous with the 

 epigastric. 



8. The external branch, which is the con- 

 tinuation of the subclavian, gives off several 



arteries to the muscles of the shoulder, and 

 to the great pectoral muscle, and then termi- 

 nates by becoming the axillary artery, which, 

 after giving off twigs to the muscles of the 

 shoulder, becomes in turn the brachial artery. 

 This latter immediately gives off three 

 branches analogous to the circumflex, and 

 to the profunda humeri. It then runs down, 

 remarkably diminished in size, to the bend of 

 the elbow, where it divides into two feeble 

 trunks, the radial and the ulnar, the small 

 size of which is proportionate to the small 

 dimensions of the muscles and other parts of 

 the fore-arm and hand: upon the palmar 

 surface of the latter the ulnar artery forms 

 an arch, as does the radial on its dorsal 

 surface, and from these arches collateral 

 branches are given off in the usual manner to 

 supply the corresponding margins of the 

 fingers. 



Arteries of the Neck and Head. The common 

 carotid runs forward upon the side of the 

 neck, hidden by the muscles connected with 

 the os-hyoides, and in its course sends 



Fig. 220. 



Viscera of the Female Tortoise (Emys Europaus). 

 A', ventricle of the heart ; A, common trunk of the arterial system ; B', right auricle ; B , left auricle ; 



bladder ; u' u", right and left supernumerary bladders ; x, external opening of the cloaca ; v, the rectum ; 

 z, the lungs ; c, e, g, h, i, truncated vessels arising from the aorta. 



