720 



SOLIPEDA. 



neck, while its crest and spine, extending 

 themselves outwards almost at a right angle 

 with the body, give the whole bone a shape 

 somewhat like that of the letter T, or of" a 

 hammer, of which the body of the bone will 

 form the handle, while the extremity of one 

 of its branches is articulated to the side of 

 the sacrum, and the other forms a broad ex- 

 pansion, the inner surface of which is turned 

 obliquely towards the spinal column. The 

 body of the ileum joins the ischium and pubis 

 at a very obtuse angle, the cotyloid cavity 

 being excavated in the usual manner in the 

 line of junction between the three bones. 



Fig. 499. 



Ligaments of the anterior extremity of the Horse. 



a, a, Ligaments of the scapula ; b, capsular liga- 

 ment of the shoulder-joint; h, radial nerve; k, cap- 

 sule of elbow-joint ; d, d, d, e, e, e, ligaments of the 

 elbow, carpus, and phalanges ; o, outer cartilage of 

 the hoof; p, inner cartilage of the hoof. 



The os femoris in the Solipeda is very 

 strong and massive, with well developed tro- 



chanters, and prominent ridges for the attach- 

 ment of the muscles implanted into it : it is 

 however so short as to be entirely concealed 

 within the flesh and integuments of the trunk, 

 so that what is ordinarily designated the thigh 

 in these quadrupeds is in reality the muscular 

 portion of the leg. Inferiorly the articulating 

 surface that sustains the patella is no longer, 

 as in the human subject, continuous with that 

 of the knee-joint, but forms a distinct articu- 

 lation upon which the patella (^g.500. q) plays 

 during the movements of the leg. 



Fig. 500. 



Osteology of the Horse. Bones of the posterior 

 Extremity. 



Femur. a, Body of the bone ; b, its neck ; c, the 

 head incrusted with cartilage ; d, d, trochanter major, 

 or " spoke " ; /, projection of the linea aspera, into 

 which the glutaeus externus is inserted; g, fossa, 

 whence arises the gastrocnemius externus and plan- 

 taris ; h, the external condyle ; i, cartilaginous sur- 

 face supporting q, the patella. 



s, t, external and internal semilunar cartilages of 

 the knee-joint. 



Tibia. u, its upper head ; v, articular surface, 

 entering into the composition of the knee-joint ; w, 

 surface for the insertion of the ligamentum patellae ; 

 x, shaft of the bone. 



Fibula. 1, Its upper extremity ; 2, its lower end 

 gradually diminished to a point. 



