DESCRIPTION OF FRONTISPIECE. 

 PROTECTIVE MIMICRY AMONG BUTTERFLIES. 



FIG. i. Heliconius evcrate, one of the Heliconiinae, which are naturally immune from 

 the attacks of birds. From Brazil. 



FIG. 2. Perhybris pyrrha, female (Pierinae), which is edible by birds but probably 

 secures immunity by means of its resemblance to such species as No. i or No. 4. 

 Brazil. 



FIG. 3. Perhybris pyrrha, male, to show the colorational basis from which the 

 mimetic pattern of the female has been developed; under surface on right. Brazil. 



FIG. 4. Mechanitis lysimnia (Ithomiinae), naturally immune, but nevertheless 

 sharing a common color pattern with Heliconiinae (No. i). Brazil. 



FIG. 5. Papilio merope, male, having three forms of females (Nos. 7, 9 and n), 

 which mimic, respectively, three species of Danainae (Nos. 6, 8 and 10). South 

 Africa. 



FIG. 6. Danais chrysippus, immune, mimicked by No. 7. South Africa. 



FIG. 7. Papilio merope, female, which mimics No. 6. South Africa. 



FIG. 8. Amanris niavius, " model " of No. 9. South Africa. 



FIG. 9. Papilio merope, female, " mimic " of No. 8. South Africa. 



FIG. 10. Amauris echeria, "model" of No. n. South Africa. 



FIG. n. Papilio merope, female, "mimic" of No. 10. South Africa. 



The figures are about one half the natural size. Compiled, largely from Trimen 

 and Weismann. 



