ENTOMOLOGY 



FIG. 51. 



The exceptional structure of the mouth parts in the gene- 

 ralized genus Eriocephala (Micropteryx} sheds much light on 



the morphology of these 

 organs in other Lepidop- 

 tera, as Walter and Kel- 

 logg have shown. In 

 this genus there are func- 

 tional mandibles ; the 

 maxilla presents palpus, 

 galea, lacinia, stipes and 

 cardo, though there is no 

 proboscis; the labium has 

 well developed submen- 

 tum, mentum and palpi ; a 

 hypopharynx is' present. 



The sucking apparatus, 

 as described by Burgess, 

 Five muscles, originating 

 FIG. 52. 



Head of a sphingid moth, Phlegethontius 

 sexta. a, antenna; c, clypeus; e, eye; /, labrum; 

 m. mandible; p, pilifer; pr, proboscis. 



is essentially like that of Diptera. 

 at the skull and inserted on the 

 wall of a pharyngeal bulb, serve 

 to dilate the bulb that it may suck 

 in fluids, while numerous circular 

 muscles serve by contracting suc- 

 cessively to squeeze the contents 

 of the bulb back into the stomach ; 

 a hypopharyngeal valve prevent? 

 their return forward. 



Diptera. In the female mos- 

 quito the mouth parts (Fig. 53) 

 are long and slender. As Dim- 

 mock has found, the labrum and 

 epipharynx combine 1 to form a 

 sucking tube; the mandibles and 

 maxillae are delicate, linear, pierc- 

 ing organs, the latter being barbed 

 distally; maxillary palpi are pres- 



1 Kulagin, however, describes them as remaining separate. 



Head of a butterfly, Vanessa. 

 labial palpus; p, a, antennae; /, 

 proboscis. 



