ENTOMOLOGY 



male grasp the neck of the female, and the latter bends her 

 abdomen forward until the tip reaches the peculiar copulatory 

 apparatus of the male. 



FIG. 85. 



8 



B 



Genitalia of a moth, Samia cecropia. A, male; B, female; a, anus; c, c, claspers; 

 o, opening of common oviduct; p, penis; s, uncus (the doubly hooked organ); v, vesti- 

 bule, into which the vagina opens. The numbers refer to abdominal segments. 



The claspers of the male consist of a single pair, variously 

 formed. They are present in Ephemerida, Neuroptera, Tri- 

 choptera, Lepidoptera (Fig. 85), Diptera and some Hymen- 

 optera, though not in Coleoptera, and often afford good spe- 

 cific characters, as in Odonata. In butterflies of the genus 



FIG. 86. 



Terminal abdominal appendages of a dragon fly, Plathemis trimaculata. A, male; 

 B, female. i, inferior appendage; s, s, superior appendages (cerci). The numbers 

 refer to abdominal segments. 



Thanaos, the claspers are peculiar in being strongly asym- 

 metrical. In Odonata (Fig. 86, A) and Orthoptera (Fig. 

 87, A) the cerci of the male often serve as claspers. 



