I'KEFACE 



This hook ,ui\< iprehensive and con* -cts. 



Though planned primarily for the student, it i- intended also for the 

 m'lu-ral reader. 



The hook was written in an effort to meet tin- .^rowin^ demand for a 

 biological treatment of entomology. 



The existenee of several excellent works on the classification of 

 inserts (notably Comstock's Manual, Kellogg's American Insects and 

 Sharp's Insects) has enabled the author to omit the multitudinous 

 details of classification and to introduce much material that hitherto 

 has not appeared in text-books. 



As a rule, only the commonest kinds of insects are referred to in the 

 text, in order that the reader may easily use the text as a guide to per- 

 sonal observation. 



All the illustrations have been prepared by the author, and such as 

 have been copied from other works are duly credited. 



To Dr. S. A. Forbes the author is especially indebted for the use of 

 literature, specimens and drawings belonging to the Illinois State 

 Laboratory of Natural History. 



Permission to copy several illustrations from Government publica- 

 tions was received from Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the Bureau of Ento- 

 mology; Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Chief of the Division of Biological 

 Survey, and Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Director of the U. S. Geological 

 Survey. Several desired books were obtained from F. M. Webster, 

 of the Bureau of Entomology. 



Acknowledgments for the use of figures are due also to Dr. E. P. 

 Felt, State Entomologist of New York; Dr. E. A. Birge, Director of the 

 \Visronsin Geological and Natural History Survey; Prof. E. L. Mark 

 and Prof. Roland Thaxter, of Harvard University; Prof. J. H. Comstock 

 of Cornell University; Prof. C. W. Woodworth of the University of 

 California; Prof. G. Macloskie of Princeton University; Prof. W. A. 

 Locy of Northwestern University; Prof. J. G. Needham of Cornell Uni- 

 versity; Dr. George Dimmock of Springfield, Mass.; Dr. Howard Avers 

 of Cincinnati, Ohio; Dr. W. M. Wheeler of the American Museum of 

 Xatural History, New York City; Dr. W. L. Tower of the University 

 of Chicago; Dr. A. G. Mayer, Director of the Marine Biological Lab- 

 oratory, Tortugas, Fla.; James H. Emerton of Boston, Mass.; Dr. and 



