\.\.\To\n \\D I'M 



9 is n<>t;tl)ly 1 he CMC in satuniiid ninths In dra: 

 this Sense is relied upon far LeSI lli.iu that 



Organs of Smell. Bymeai nple hut < on< hi>i\e experiments, 



Hauser and others have shown thai the anleni; <|Uently olfactory 



though not to the exclusion of tactile or auditory fun. (ions, of coi 

 Hauser found that ants, wasps, various ili<->. moth., beetle! and larvae, 

 which react violently toward the vapor of turpentine, acetic acid and 

 other pungent fluids, no longer respond to th- limuli after their 



antenna' have been amputated or else covered with paraflme to exclude 



the air. II is experiments were con- 

 ducted under conditions such that the 

 results could not be ascribed to the shock 

 of the operation or to effects upon the 

 gustatory or respiratory systems; except 

 for having lost the sense of smell, the 

 insects experimented upon behaved in 

 tc - . . M,,^, a norm al manner. It should be said, 



FIG. 130. Under side of left maxilla 

 of wasp, Vespa vulgaris. p, palpus; 

 pr, protecting hairs; tc, taste cup; th, 

 tactile hair. After WILL. 



FIG.- 131. Longitudinal section of gustatory 

 end-organ (tc, of Fig. 130). c, cuticula; h, hypo- 

 dertnis; sc, sensory cell; tc, taste cup. After 

 WILL. 



however, that Carabus, Melolontha and Silpha still reacted to some 

 extent toward strong vapors even after the extirpation of the antennae; 

 while in Hemiptera the loss of the antennae did not lessen the response 

 to the odors used. These facts indicate that the sense of smell is not 

 always confined to the antennae; indeed the maxillary palpi are frequently 

 olfactory, as in Silpha and Hydaticus; also the cerci, as in the cock- 

 roach and other Orthoptera. Experiments indicate that an insect per- 

 ceives some odors by means of the antennae and others by the palpi 

 or other organs. Hauser found that the flies Sarcophuga and Calli- 

 phora, after the amputation of their antennae, became quite indifferent 

 toward decayed meat, to which they had previously swarmed with 



