126 



ENTOMOLOGY 



Termitoxinia, mentioned beyond) . Speyer estimated that in Lepidop- 

 tera only one individual in thirty thousand is hermaphroditic. Bertkau 

 (1889) listed 335 hermaphroditic arthropods, of which 8 were crusta- 

 ceans, 2 spiders, 2 Orthoptera, 8 Diptera, 9 Coleoptera, 51 Hymenoptera 

 and 255 Lepidpptera. The large proportion of Lepidoptera is due in 

 great measure to the fact that they are collected oftener than other 

 insects (excepting possibly Coleoptera) and that sexual dimorphism 



FIG. 184. Reproductive system of queen 

 honey bee. a, accessory sac of vagina; b, 

 bulb of stinging apparatus; c, colleterial, or 

 cement, gland; o, ovary; od, oviduct; p, 

 poison glands; pr, poison reservoir; r, recep- 

 taculum seminis; re, rectum; v, vagina. 

 After LEUCKART. 



FIG. 185. Reproductive system of 

 female Lepidoptera. b, bursa copulatrix; /, 

 terminal filament; g, cement glands; o, o, 

 ovaries; od, oviduct; r, receptaculum 

 seminis; v, vagina; vs, vestibule, or entrance 

 to bursa. After KOLBE. 



is so prevalent in the order that hermaphrodites are easily recognized. 



The most common kind of hermaphroditism is that in which one 

 side is male and the other female, as in Fig. 188. Bertkau found this 

 right-and-left hermaphroditism in 153 individuals. In other instances 

 the antero-posterior kind may occur, as when the fore wings are of one 

 sex and the hind wings of the other; rarely, the characters of the two 

 sexes are intermingled. 



Hermaphroditic insects are such rarities that very few of them have 

 been sacrificed to the dissecting needle in order to determine whether the 

 phenomenon involves the primary organs as well as the secondary 

 sexual characters. Where dissections have been made it has been 

 found usually that hermaphroditism does extend to the reproductive 



