128 



ENTOMOLOGY 



FIG. 1 88. Gynandromorphic gipsy moth, 

 Porthetria dispar; right side, male; left, female. 

 Natural size. After TASCHENBERG from Hert- 

 wig's Lehrbuch. 



unknown; such is the case also in some Tenthredinidae. The statement 

 has long been made that the unfertilized eggs of worker ants, bees and 

 wasps produce invariably males; it has been found, however, that 

 the parthenogenetic worker eggs of the ant Lasius niger may produce 

 normal workers (Reichenbach, 

 Mrs. A. B. Comstock). 



In the honey bee, unfertil- 

 ized eggs produce always males; 

 and it is at present rather gen- 

 erally believed that drones are 

 not produced from fertilized 

 eggs. 



Professor A. F. Shull deter- 

 mined experimentally that un- 

 fertilized eggs of the thysanop- 

 teran, Anthothrips verbasci pro- 

 duce only males; and concluded 



also that fertilized eggs produce only females. Parthenogenesis has 

 been recorded as occurring also in a few moths, some Coccidae and 

 many Thysanoptera. 



Paedogenesis. In Miastor and a few other genera of Itonididae 

 young are produced by the larva. This' extraordinary form of partheno- 

 genesis is termed padogenesis, and is limited apparently to the family 



Itonididae. The paedogenetic 

 larvae of Miastor (Fig. 189) 

 develop before the oviducts 

 have appeared and escape by 



FIG. 189. Young paedogenetic larvae of Miast or the rupture of the mother. 

 in the body of the mother larva. Greatly enlarged. . . 



-After PAGENSTECHER. After several successive gener- 



ations of this kind the result- 

 ing larvae pupate and form normal male and female flies . 



An excellent account of Miastor has been given by Dr. Felt, who 

 has discovered this remarkable genus in New York State. 



The pupa of a species of Chironomus occasionally deposits unfer- 

 tilized eggs, which develop, however, in the same manner as the 

 fertilized eggs of the species. 



