l\ RELATION I" PLANTS 



227 



AmoiiL; mandihnlate UlSCCtd, beetle- ;in<l caterpillar^ tli;il c;it the 

 !l<r;il envelopes -how no >i>r( ial modi!i< a t ion> for tin' <; pollen- 



feeding hectk>, however, n-iially have the mouth part . clothed 



with hair-, as in Eujihor'hi ( I i In -IK torial ii e month 



part- are fre<|iiently formed with reference to tlor;d >trti<ture; tin- i\ 

 the case in many but tertlies and particularly in Sphin^ida-, in whi h the 

 length of the tongue hears a direct relation 1o the de|)th of the nectary 

 in the tlowers that they visit. According to Miiller, the month pa 

 Syrphida-, St ratyomyiida' and Muscidac are -pe< ially adapted for feed- 



A B 



FK,. 265. A, right mandible; B, right maxilla; C, hypo- FIG. 266. Pollen-gath- 



pharynx, of a pollen-eating beetle, Euphoria in da. Enlarged. ering hair from a worker 

 (The mandibles are remarkable in being two-lobed.) honey bee, with a pollen 



grain attached. Greatly 

 magnified. 



ing on pollen. In Apidae, the tongue as compared with that of other 

 Hymenoptera, is exceptionally long, enabling the insect to reach deep 

 into a flower, and is exquisitely specialized (Fig. 129) for lapping up 

 and sucking in nectar. 



Pollen-gathering flies and bees collect pollen in the hairs of the body 

 or the legs; these hairs, especially dense and often twisted or branched 

 (Figs. 266, 91) to hold the pollen, do not occur on other than pollen- 

 gathering species of insects. Caudell found that out of 200 species of 

 Hymenoptera only 23 species had branched hairs and that these species 

 belonged without exception to the pollen-gathering group Anthophila, 

 no representative of which was found without such hairs. Similar 



