i ECO1 399 



MS in pomU. Large nnml>er> of di\< many of which come 



to the surface tor Mir. both in the Mdnlt MIX! the \oi ing stages. Water 

 scorpions, RafioJra; creeping water bugs, /v/^-^/.s irnmmiu^; >mall water 



bug, /</////'/ Jlumint'ii; water boatmen. ( 'orixii; prrdac cou^ diving beetle-. 



Dytiscidtt; water scavenger beetles, Ilydmphilida-. The Billed aquatic 



insects an- the May tly nymph-. ('<rnis and Ciillilwli .-I tly 



nymphs, /.\r //;///;</ irrlictilis; diagon tly nymph-. . KMhnida- and 

 LibellulidM-; these utili/ing the vegetation as re-tin^ pl;i( e- or clinging- 

 phicrs. or as a means of creeping to the >urface to transform. 



Tension Lines.- Margins of bodies of water, swamps and marshes, 

 and temporary ponds are on the border line between land and water. 

 The classification of the communities of such tension lines of overlapping 

 environments is often difficult. (Shelford.) 



Along the margins of young ponds and lakes is an area which is 

 characterized by being made up of wet sand or mud which is submerged 

 at high water and moist at other times. Here we find springtails 

 (especially Podura aquatica), shore bugs (Saldidae), many tiger beetles 

 > ( 'icindelidae) and numerous small flies. The ground beetle (Bembidion 

 carinula) and numerous scavengers (Staphylinidae, Histeridae, etc.) 

 are common because the beach is often strewn with dead animals which 

 have floated ashore. (Shelford.) 



In Shelf ord's Animal Communities there are extended accounts of 

 communities of streams, lakes, ponds, prairies, and forests. 



COMMUNITY RELATIONS IN NEW MEXICO 



The notes that follow on the insect ecology of New Mexico are taken 

 from an interesting report by Professor J. R. Watson. They are 

 here arranged under four of Livingston's vegetational areas. 



Northern Mesophytic Evergreen Forest Formation. Douglas 

 Spruce Association. Poor in insect life. Some thirty species listed. The 

 carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsyhanicus , is common here and in the 

 yellow pine association, but was not seen outside of the mountains. 

 The butterfly, Grapta zephyrus, is also limited to these two associations. 

 The familiar mourning cloak butterfly, Vanessa antiopa, is present. 

 Yellow Pine Association. About fifty species of insects listed. Machi- 

 lis sp. The hemipteron Oncometopia later alls is confined to this asso- 

 ciation. Circotettix undulatus is very rare outside of this association; 

 it makes the loudest noise of any grasshopper in the region. Another 

 locust, Arphia acta, noteworthy for its loud crackling noise, is common, 

 and descends into the cedar association. 



