CONTENTS. 



CHAP. XX. Directions for the use of marl in connexion with other 

 farming operations. 



Usual difficulties of beginners without reason, 175. The labours to be regular and continu- 

 ous, 170. Necessity for intermixing marl regularly with the soil, 176-7. Manner of drop- 

 ping and spreading heaps, 177. Organic manure an essential accompaniment, 177, 178; 

 supplied by vegetable growth of the fields, 178. Ordinary farm-made manures, 179 ; other 

 materials, 180. 



CHAP. XXI. Actual improvements and results of marling. Peculiar 

 value of sandy soils. 



Causes of defective results of earliest marling labours, 181-2. Actual results on Coggins 

 Point farm, to 1842, 183. Crops from 1813 to 1851, 184. Remarks and notes on same, 

 185-6.' Culture and crops on Marlbourne, 187-8. Causes of neglect of marling, and small 

 effects, 189. Value of sandy soils, 190. Poor soils of lower Virginia also very shallow, 191. 

 Rates of increase of products from marling, on different lands, 192. 



CHAP. XXII. The extent of duration of the effects of calcareous manures. 



Duration of effects known by experience, 192-4. Re-marlings, why required, 195. Question 

 of duration of calxing, 196. Practice and opinions in Britain, 197, 198. Alleged reasons 

 for waste of lime in soils, and answers thereto, 199 to 211. Sinking of lime in soil, 211, 

 212. Effect of organic (or putresccnt) manures made permanent by combination with cal- 

 careous, 214 to 210. Apparent exceptions, 217. Actual duration of effects, 218. Antici- 

 Eatcd progress of improvement, and fixing of organic matter by calxing, 219 and of steri- 

 ity caused, under reverse circumstances, 220. 



CHAP. XXIII. General observations on tJie valuations of lands and their 

 improvements, and the expenses and profits of marling. 



Usual estimates altogether erroneous, 221. True mode of estimating values, 222 to 225. 

 Supply and demand regulate gelling prices of lands, 227. Injudicious marling labours, 

 228. General profits, 229. 



CHAP. XXIV. Other fertilizing powers and effects of Calcareous earth. 



Soils of ancient alluvial formation (or latter drift), 230. Effects of calxing thereon, 231 to 

 233. Action of calx by solvent power, 234. Sterility, when caused by calxing, and how, 

 235 to 237. Benefit of lenient cropping, 237, and supplying vegetable matter, 238. Erro- 

 neous practice in South Carolina, 239 to 241. Organic matter in plants, 242; how consti- 

 tuted, 243. Proportions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and azote in plants, 244. Whence 

 derived, 246 to 248. Supply of carbon from the atmosphere increased on calcareous soil, 

 248 to 250. Dr. Wight's experiments thereupon, 250 to 252. Other proofs, 253. Azote 

 8\ipplied from the atmosphere through leguminous plants, 253 to 257. Their peculiar ma- 

 nuring effects thus caused, 258. Residue of roots of clover, &c., 259. Value of the south- 

 ern field pea (or bean), 261. Recapitulation, 262. Effect of lime in soils and compost 

 heaps to produce nitrates, 263. This explains some practical results before not understood, 

 266, 267. Effect of lime in promoting the healthy constitution and vigorous growth of 

 plants, 267, 268, and the better quality of products, 268. 



CHAP. XXV. The use of calcareous eartli recommended to preserve 

 putrescent manures, and to promote cleanliness and health. 



Effects of calcareous earth in preventing waste of products of animal matter, 269, 270. Cases 

 for use of this power, 271 to 274. Unfitness of quick-lime for this purpose, 274. Benefit in 

 preventing disease, 275, 276. How the burning of towns benefits health, 277. Benefits to 

 health of calcareous soil in Alabama, 278 in Virginia, 279 to 281 in France, 281, 283 

 in England, '283. 



CHAP. XXVI. The excavation of marl-pits, and carrying out and ap- 

 plying marl. 



Dry and high-lying marl, 284. Wet marl in hilly lands, 285. Method of opening and work- 

 ing pits of such marl, 280 to 289. Draining the excavation, 289, 290. Deep pitting, 290. 

 Machines for raising marl, 291 to 295. Making roads, 295. Implements and carts for 

 marling, 297. Spreading, 298. MarliAg tables and estimates, 299 to 302. Importance of 

 marling labours being continuous, 303. 



CHAP. XXVII. Directions for the searching for and testing of marl. 



Searching for marl, 304. Use of the auger, 305. Exposures of mai-1, 306-7. Extended 

 labours anticipated, 307. Usual appearances of marl, 308-9. Portion and character of thq 

 strata, 309-10. Directions for analyzing, 310 to 313. Distant transportation of marl, 313 

 to 317. 



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