Introduction xxix 



of its existence in any of the fields of regulation outside of 

 the self, and in the self perhaps only in behaviour. But in 

 a purely objective consideration there seems no reason to 

 suppose that regulation in behaviour (intelligence) is of a 

 fundamentally different cliaracter from regulation elsewhere." 

 (" Method of Regulation," p. 492.) 



Jennings makes no mention of questions of the theory 

 of heredity. He has made some experiments on the trans- 

 mission of an acquired character in Protozoa ; but it was a 

 mutilation-character, which is, as has been often shown,' 

 not to the point. 



One of the most obvious criticisms of Hering's exposi- 

 tion is based upon the extended use he makes of the word 

 " Memorj^ " : this he had foreseen and deprecated. 



" We have a perfect right," he says, " to extend our con- 

 ception of memory so as to make it embrace involuntary 

 [and also unconscious] reproductions of sensations, ideas, 

 perceptions, and efforts ; but we find, on having done so, 

 that we have so far enlarged her boundaries that she proves 

 to be an ultimate and original power, the source and, at the 

 same time, the unifying bond, of our whole conscious life." 

 (" Unconscious Memory," p. 68.) 



This sentence, coupled with Hering's omission to give 

 to the concept of memory so enlarged a new name, clear 

 ahke of the limitations and of the stains of habitual use, 

 may well have been the inspiration of the next work on 

 our list. Richard Semon is a professional zoologist and 

 anthropologist of such high status for his original observa- 

 tions and researches in the mere technical sense, that in 

 these countries he would assuredly have been acclaimed 

 as one of the Fellows of the Royal Society who were 

 Samuel Butler's special aversion. The full title of his 

 book is " Die Mneme als erhaltende Prinzip im Wechsel 



1 See "The Hereditary Transmission of Acquired Characters" 

 in Contemporary Review, September and November igoS, in which 

 references are given to earlier statements. 



