208 The Unity of the Organism 



ized as due to the fact that neither party has taken the 

 trouble to estabhsh clearly, even in their own minds, the 

 meaning of the word natural. As a consequence of this 

 slipshodness the two groups agree tacitly, in treating the 

 inorganic and the organic worlds as though natural does 

 not mean the same thing in the two realms. The implica- 

 tion is that if the inorganic world, for instance, be held to 

 be natural by both parties, for the Vitalists the living realm 

 is largely ^z^per-natural, while for the jNlaterialists the same 

 realm is largely iw/ra-natural. 



Theories of Animal Behavior in Relation to the Science of 



Zoology 



This somewhat protracted though wofully insufficient 

 treatment of neural integration may close with a brief 

 section on some of the still larger biological and methodo- 

 logical implications of the conclusions reached. Special at- 

 tention is called to the fact that the culminating part of 

 our argument has involved data and fconceptions which are 

 as unequivocally zoological, morphological, and physiologi- 

 cal, as any of the data and conceptions are unequivocally 

 physical and chemical. Physical chemistry, or any other 

 aspect of inorganic chemistry, is utterly powerless, so far 

 as we can see, to discover such facts, as for example, that 

 oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, etc., possess latent "doscarecious" 

 powers. This final section is in the direction, consequently, 

 of establishing the parity, to claim the least, of zoology, 

 botany, morphology, and general physiology, with chemistry 

 and physics, in the great complex group of biological 

 science. 



We may first allude to a favorite mode of expression of 

 materialistic elementalists. Whenever fuller analysis has 

 proved some group of animal phenomena not hitherto con- 

 nected directly with jihysico-chemical substances and forces. 



