Pfsijcliic Intccjrafion 231 



equally ini])ortant. 'Hius Pillsl)iiry : **U was a nv^Uci of 

 the subjective conditions and the insistence upon the ohjec- 

 tive side of the problem that lias led the Kn<rhsli Associa- 

 tional School into disrepute. 'V\\v explanations that they 

 gave were true as far as thev went, hut tlicir incompleteness 

 vitiated the conclusions as soon as tlicv laid claim to uni- 

 versality." ^- And the author tlicn shows, convincingly 

 enough, how two sets of subjective factors, attentioFi and 

 choice, play a large and im])ortant role in determining the 

 "associative train." And further, "A complete explanation 

 of association demands that both sets of factors [objective 

 and subjective] be taken into account; to omit either is to 

 fail in the solution of the problem." ^^ 



Preliminary Examination of Ohjecfirr and Subjective 



There is undoubtedly a real gain in having proved, as 

 Pillsbury and others surely have, that a "side'' otlui- than 

 the objective in association does exist. It is highly ad- 

 vantageous, also, to have learned enough about this other 

 "side" to make the term subjective an ap})ro})riate name 

 for it. But any one coming to a studj' of the associational 

 activities of the organism's psychic life as we have, namely 

 as naturalists, can not avoid, if true to his traditions and 

 methods, wanting to know how these two "sides," the objec- 

 tive and the subjective, go together — what the nature is of 

 their relation. For the very fact that they are two sides 

 of one thing is to the naturalist prima facie evidence that 

 they are in vital organic connection. Kven the two sides of 

 an inanimate thing, like the earth with its two lu'misj>heres, 

 have a relation to each other too important for the earth 

 sciences to ignore or even to })ut oft' as merely "paralKl.'" 

 But when it comes to an entity like a live animal, the cpiin- 

 tessence of which is organization, the (jucstion of how two 

 of its "sides" so important as its objective and its subjec- 



