Organic Connection Between Physical and Psychical 249 



fully observing zoologist knows to be characteristic of the 

 activities of nearly all animals. Especial attention is in- 

 vited to this, because this elusive wealth of behavior is 

 usually overlooked by the cursory observer on the one hand 

 and by the experimentalist on the other. "The attitudes in 

 the nest," Holmes writes, "the waving of the antenna?, the 

 beating of the swimmerets, the restless movements of the 

 legs and mouth-parts, springing after food, belligerency 

 toward passers by, the little unobtrusive signs of timidity, 

 the reversal of position in the nest on the approach of 

 danger and the general behavior outside of the nest, were, 

 on the next day after hatching, almost exactly the same as 

 in older individuals. The only differences in behavior were 

 due to the feebleness of the young and their imperfect con- 

 trol of their movements." One never reads a description 

 like this by a typical experimentalist, especially if he be a 

 pure tropist, or by a meagerly trained zoologist ! Then the 

 final statement : "The young are hatched with all the in- 

 stincts necessary fully to equip them for the business of life. 

 No experience is necessary to teach them what is advan- 

 tageous for them to do." ^ 



The impossibility should be noticed of drawing a sharp 

 line in this description between instinctive and purely reflex 

 acts. "Reversal of position in the nest on approach of 

 danger" is clearly instinctive. But "beating of swimmer- 

 ets," and especially the "restless movements of the legs" — 

 are these instinctive or wholly reflex? Probably they arc 

 reflex, though the leg movements may well be partly in- 

 stinctive. A whole volume of examples as unquestionable 

 as this could be compiled, and all groups of animals from 

 mammals down to worms at least would be represented. 



