126 RUBBER AND 



all these in addition to " lines " for the coolies, stores, 

 hospital and dispensary, cart sheds and other buildings. 

 On large estates horses and stabling must be provided 

 for the Superintendent. 



A full survey of the estate is necessary, and a large 

 scale map should be prepared showing watercourses and 

 other physical features, together with the subdivision of 

 the estate into fields of 50 or 100 acres. Carts or lorries 

 or boats will be required, according to the method of 

 transport adopted. The food of the coolies is mainly 

 supplied by the estate and charged to their account. 

 Other items are medicines, cattle food, fuel, etc. 



Tools. 



The large hoe universally employed for digging in 

 the barefooted East is known as a chankol in Malaya 

 and as a mamoti in Ceylon. Digging, draining and a 

 certain amount of weeding are done with this imple- 

 ment. Felling axes, cross-cut saws and bill hooks are 

 required for clearing, and for lighter work the parang is 

 used in Malaya and the katty in Ceylon. For nursery 

 work, rakes and watering cans are required, and a kind 

 of crow-bar is generally used for digging holes for 

 planting. These, with priming knives and saws, com- 

 plete the list of tools required on a rubber estate before 

 the time for tapping arrives. 



In addition to the above, the Superintendent will 

 require measuring tapes and chains and a few simple 

 surveying instruments. 



