INJURIOUS INSECTS. 31 



American species of vines. Grafting upon resistant stocks 

 is the most reliable method of dealing with the insect 

 yet known. This precaution is taken to a large extent in 

 European countries, as the European vine is particularly 

 subject to attack. 



Remedies. There is no reliable and widely practicable 

 remedy known. Burn affected leaves. Bisulphide of 

 carbon poured in holes in the ground, which are quickly 

 filled, is very effective. Carbolic acid and water used in 

 the same way is also recommended. Flood the vineyard. 



ROOT-BORER. See GRAPE-VINE FIDIA. 



ROSE-BEETLE. See under ROSE. 



SNOWY CRICKET. See under RASPBERRY. 



THRIP or LEAF-HOPPER (Erythroneura vitis, Harris). In 

 various stages, one-tenth inch or less long ; feeding on 

 leaves, causing them to appear scorched. 



Remedies. Sticky fly-paper secured to a stick and 

 carried over the vines, while another person scares up the 

 insects. Attract to lights at night. Kerosene emulsion. 

 In houses, tobacco- smoke, pyrethrum poured upon coals 

 held under the vines, syringing with tobacco- water or soap- 

 suds. Fumigation in the field should be done before the 

 insects develop wings late in July or in early August (in 

 the north). Rake ground clean about vines late in fall 

 in order to expose insects to the weather. It has been 

 found in California that thrips can be greatly lessened by 

 feeding off the leaves with sheep, soon after the grapes 

 are picked. 



Grasshoppers. If these pests become serious, they may be 

 kept in check by the following means : Place a tablespoon- 

 ful of poisonous bait by the side of each tree or vine. The 

 bait is made of 40 pounds bran, 15 pounds middlings, 2 

 gallons syrup, 20 pounds arsenic ; mix with soft water. 

 Costs 25 to 75 cents per acre for orchards. Or Paris green 

 spray may be used where there is no danger of poisoning 

 fruit or grain. , 



Green-Fly. See APHIDES. 



