CEMENTS, MORTARS, PAINTS, AND GLUES. 93 



part; gravel, broken stone, or brick, 6 parts. Mix with 

 water to a liquid consistency, and let it be thrown forcibly, 

 or dropped into its position. It should be well beaten or 

 rammed to render it solid. A " skim " of thin, rich mortar 

 may be placed on top as a finish. 



3. Equal parts of gravel, well screened, and clean river 

 or pit sand. With 5 parts of sand and gravel mix 1 part 

 of Portland cement. Mix with water and apply 1 inch 

 thick. 



FOR GARDEN BORDERS. 



4. 9 parts gravel and 1 part unslaked lime ; slake the 

 lime and cover it with gravel, then add water sufficient to 

 make a very thin mortar. Apply 3 inches deep, allow it to 

 stiffen a little, then roll. Finish with an inch thick of 1 

 part lime and 3 parts gravel. Apply soft. 



FOR WALKS. 



5. Walks should always have a well-made foundation of 

 stones or brickbats to give hardness and insure drainage. 

 The top of the walk may be made of gravel, sifted coal 

 ashes, cinders from foundries, furnaces, etc. If gravel is 

 used, care should be exercised to avoid the round or washed 

 gravel, particularly that lying in the beds of streams, for it 

 will not pack. 1 part of clean clay to 4 or 5 of gravel 

 makes a good walk. Or the following may be used (6-11): 



6. 1 part mineral pitch, 1 part resin, 7 parts chalk, 

 and 2 parts coarse sand. Boil together, and lay it while in 

 a hot state, adding a little gravel. 



7. Boil for a short time 18 parts of mineral pitch and 18 

 parts of resin in an iron kettle ; then add 60 parts of coarse 

 sand ; mix well, and lay on the path to the thickness of 1 

 inch ; then sift a little fine gravel over it and beat it down 

 before the cement sets. 



8. Put down a coat of tar and sift some road sand or 

 coal ashes over it very thickly. When this is dry, repeat 

 the operation until you have four coats of tar and as many 

 of coal ashes or road sand. 



9. 2 parts of thoroughly dried sand, 1 part cinders, 



