82 RURAL CALIFORNIA 



rights and ownership which are too elaborate and 

 technical for pursuit in this connection. 



The colony method of multiplying small farms in 

 California began during the first decade of American 

 occupation and has continued to grow in popularity 

 and achievement until the present time and promises 

 to be even greater in the future. At first a few 

 acquaintances associated themselves together; after- 

 wards groups from stated localities in the eastern 

 states and in foreign countries were gathered by 

 personal solicitation and transplanted, and later still 

 individual families from everywhere were brought 

 together by processes of general advertising and pro- 

 motive propaganda and geographically associated 

 after arrival in California. In most cases communi- 

 ties thus formed were the offspring of the marriage 

 of land and water. Although colonies have been 

 successfully established in regions of adequate rain- 

 fall without a basis of irrigation, they have been 

 fewer and smaller in accomplishment than the irri- 

 gated colonies. 



STATE LAND SETTLEMENT 



Although large rural communities and populous 

 towns of beauty, wealth and industrial importance 

 have been developed from initial undertakings in land 

 subdivision and colonization by private or corporate 

 owners of land and water, many such enterprises were 

 profitable neither to sellers nor buyers but involved 

 loss and hardship to both. In some cases this was 



