HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 105 



represent no product but stock employed in produc- 

 tion, of which the items of wool, dairy and slaughter- 

 ing products are stated above. 



It may also be noted that the figures include only 

 products which reach magnitude enough to count as 

 commercial commodities; also that the quantities 

 reported are only those which actually enter into the 

 larger avenues of commerce and do not include local 

 consumption on farms or in rural villages. 



Rural manufactures in California. 



The standing of California as a manufacturing 

 state which, according to the United States Census 

 of 1914, was ninth in the "Union, rests on an output 

 of manufactured commodities of an agricultural 

 character, fabricated in rural rather than urban com- 

 munities. This standing has been attained recently, 

 for the increase during the decade ending in 1914 

 was 176.9 per cent in value of all manufactured prod- 

 ucts and during the same period California advanced 

 from sixteenth to ninth place among the states. 

 The shifting of preponderance of manufactures from 

 urban to rural environment is also of recent occur- 

 rence and the result has been the quick transforma- 

 tion of several small towns into cities of considerable 

 size and great promise. The newer large towns have 

 grown, not by the usual process of ministration to 

 their rural environment, but through the incursion of 

 organized rural producers to build up and equip their 

 own establishments and employ laborers to give their 

 own productions commercial forms and to manage 



