AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES 115 



red clover (TrifoUum pmtense), white clover 

 (T. repens) and alsike (T. hybridum), because of 

 their value to the upper coast valleys and in interior 

 lowlands, where the water is constantly too near the 

 surface or often rises to submergence, both condi- 

 tions hostile to alfalfa. Red clover is also notably 

 successful on irrigated land in the foothills. Timothy 

 (Phleum pratense) is an introduction of note because 

 of its growth on the upper coast and moister moun- 

 tain valleys of the extreme north of the State, even 

 though it resolutely refuses to succeed elsewhere. 



All the plants named thus far were introduced by 

 private enterprise. Out of more than one hundred 

 fifty introduced by the California Experiment Station 

 since 1875, only four have shown themselves entitled 

 to further consideration, viz., Smilo grass or many- 

 flowered millet-grass (Oryzopsis miliacea), Schra- 

 der's brome (Bromus unioloides), awnless brome 

 (Bromus inermis), and Harding grass (Phalaris 

 stenoptera). Some of these have established them- 

 selves and are yielding value in wild pasturage, but 

 none has solved the old problem of growth during- 

 relatively low winter temperatures and soil-satura- 

 tion of the rainy season and either summer growth 

 or, at least, survival of summer heat and drought on 

 valley plains and foothill slopes. Therefore, securing 

 an all-around dependable grass for the improvement 

 of unirrigated pasturage is still a problem. The rea- 

 sonable policy of the olden time to refrain from over- 

 stocking, to give the annual plants a chance to make 

 seed before the rainy season closes and to return the 



