AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES 169 



in multiplying overland railways and the regulation 

 of them by government authority. Just as their pre- 

 decessors of the first generation promoted a highway 

 across the continent, so did the fruit-growers and 

 shippers of the second generation help to secure the 

 second great novelty in American transportation, the 

 Panama Canal. For a quarter of a century before 

 the building of it, the California fruit-growers were 

 among its most persistent promoters and it has mani- 

 fested the advantage which they expected, although 

 the measure of that advantage will be for coming 

 generations to realize. 



California fruit production was really an act in 

 industrial creation. The more distant objective of 

 export was clearly in mind even while home supply 

 was deficient. The conception of entering national 

 and world trade in fruits before home supply was 

 attained was unique, daring and original. The com- 

 mon way, of course, is to project distant movement 

 because local markets show surpluses which traders 

 can gather and transport, building commerce first 

 on short hauls, then on longer and longer still, until 

 world currents are entered. California conceptions 

 rose above any such evolutionary process and were 

 really creative. 



Success in the upbuilding of California fruit in- 

 dustries is the product of organization, both for its 

 own specific purposes and for correlative attainments. 

 So far as these related to the development of the 

 state by colonization, they have been considered in 

 Chapter IV. The relations of organization to com- 



