AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES 173 



journals and by the publication of special mono- 

 graphs and books on local horticultural subjects. 1 



In the development of fruit industries, California 

 has had notable help from other states through the 

 placing of fruit products under the protective tariff. 

 This offsets remoteness, higher cost of transportation 

 and higher wages than ever paid in the Mediter- 

 ranean countries which were her chief competitors. 

 The handicap which impended through the free trade 

 legislation of 1913 was averted by the world war and 

 the revenue needs of the country after the war may 

 render indulgence in free trade policies impracticable 

 for a long time. 



In acknowledging California's great debt to na- 

 tional help in population, capitalization and legisla- 

 tion, it is not amiss to remember that she has achieved 

 results which have had distinct bearing on the fruit 

 development of the whole country, a few of which 

 .may be cited. 



First, the relation of tillage to thrift and produc- 

 tiveness of fruit-trees and vines. California demon- 

 strated that clean garden-like culture of large fruit 

 areas is superior to cow-pasture conditions; and first 

 applied on a large scale the principle that adequate 



1 The scientific and technical literature of California fruit- 

 growing is considerable, not only in the publications of the 

 State Boards mentioned but in those of the U. S. Dept. Agr. and 

 of the Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. There are also comprehensive 

 treatises : viz., "California Fruits and How to Grow Them" by 

 E. J. Wickson ; "Citrus Fruits" by J. E. Coit ; "Standard Cyclo- 

 pedia of Horticulture," by L. H. Bailey, has descriptions of 

 California methods in the treatments of all leading fruits and 

 ornamental plants, as well as descriptive and botanical charac- 

 terization of forest trees, etc. ; "Manual of Tropical and Sub- 

 tropical Fruits" by Wilson Popenoe. 



