ANIMAL INDUSTRIES 219 



end to such dreams. Nevertheless, California figured 

 indirectly in providing for the great meat supply of 

 the East and for the vast export trade therefrom to 

 foreign countries, and not only supplied range cattle 

 to stock the plains but the early contributions from 

 the Southwest toward such common foundation stock 

 reached their destination by way of California. J. B. 

 Grinnell of Iowa, who made a personal examination 

 of the range industry in 1881, tells of these contacts : 

 "I met J. H. Hoppin who went from New York to 

 California, and who about 1870 drove herds of cattle 

 from the Indian Territory and Texas to California 

 and Nevada and thence eastward to Wyoming and 

 Montana, . . . J. Q. Shirley drove cattle from Mis- 

 souri to California in 1853; then in 1869 brought 

 cattle from California to Montana in a drive of sev- 

 enteen hundred head." 



In this roundabout way the pioneers' dream of 

 sending beef to the New York market actually came 

 to realization. The movement of California cattle 

 to Oregon and Nevada and the contribution of both 

 states to the meat supply of the former were of 

 course greater and have continuously prevailed, and 

 California cattlemen owning ranges in Oregon and 

 Nevada have always been numerous. 



The cattle which California furnished to the great 

 interior range states were not the old Mexican stock. 

 Of the early importations of pure-bred stock which 

 have been mentioned, it was written in 1859 : "There 

 is probably no State in the Union where more pains 

 are taken or where money is more freely lavished 



