ANIMAL INDUSTRIES 225 



attractiveness and by the cultural and commercial 

 ability of those whom they attracted, attained prod- 

 ucts which though a glut on the local markets of 

 1858, were scarce in the markets of the world in 

 1919, although the value of a quarter of a billion 

 dollars' worth were produced and exported. Another 

 result is that the animal industries, which never 

 have been adequately promoted, have not reached 

 production equal to local consumption, and have 

 never made anything more than spasmodic exporta- 

 tion at odd times of the year. Such exports have 

 been wholly insignificant when compared with the 

 volumes that still steadily reach California markets 

 from distant producing regions. For these reasons, 

 California lands suitable to the production of meat 

 are still largely idle or are not used with the up-to- 

 date policies that should prevail. Evidently the 

 phase which needs promotion, because it requires 

 rather more courage and a higher degree of personal 

 attention and mastery of practical and scientific 

 details, is the installation of live-stock production on 

 large tracts that may be turned from idleness and 

 desolation to activity and industry. It is an economic- 

 sin to let large tracts of land lie waste, not bearing 

 their proper share of public expense. 



There has been notable progress in realizing more 

 adequate development of the California cattle industry 

 since 1900. First came the more serious intent of 

 the packers from the Middle West to undertake local 

 production. Two decades ago the visiting packers 

 from the Middle West really came for recreation and 



