GENERAL REMARKS AND INFORMATION. 5 



wonderfully improved. This is owing, to a certain extent, to 



the number of shows which have been held in different 



counties in England. Hunters, nag horses, and heavy 



cart horses are all of far better quality than they used 

 to be. 



As in my younger days I had a good deal to do 

 with breaking-in horses, I have a good idea as to how 

 young horses should be handled. The few observations 

 I have made during my life have been very helpful to 

 me, as I not only learned the best way to break-in colts, 

 but the way to manage them after they were broken-in. 

 I have not recommended any particular bit being used for 

 horses, as I seldom use anything but a " snaffle " or a 

 Liverpool bit. It is very necessary when a person 

 is buying a horse he should know what kind of 

 bit the animal is accustomed to, as, if a horse 

 is nervous and gets to a strange place, has a 

 fresh driver, and a totally different bit to what he 

 has been accustomed to, it frightens him very much, 

 and very often the owner also. Those who rear young 

 horses should handle them a little more when they are 

 colts, if this were done they would be much less trouble 

 afterwards. Many people use both a bit and a curb for 

 young horses. This is done to make them shape the 

 neck well, which, of course, sets a horse off, and in 

 some people's estimation puts a " IQ note" on it. 

 Then again, there are others who rein them up very 

 tightly, which often really amounts to cruelty. I frequently 

 see a horse's mouth bleed through being reined up too 



