WILD TARPAN AND ITS RELATIONS 99 



as the bones show. But that was a thousand years 

 later, perhaps two or three or more." 



In this place it may be mentioned that much 

 has been made of certain differences in shape and 

 in the degree of the hairiness of the head in the 

 Prehistoric sketches of horses ; such differences 

 being regarded as indicative of racial distinction. 

 But Professor H. F. Osborn 1 has well remarked 

 that it is quite probable these differences may be 

 due to some of the animals having been depicted 

 in the winter and others in the summer coat. 



A considerable amount of uncertainty and con- 

 fusion exists, it will be noticed, in the foregoing 

 determinations, especially in regard to the matter 

 of scientific nomenclature ; but the confusion be- 

 comes intensified when the views expressed above 

 are contrasted with those held by Professor J. C. 

 Ewart. According to one of the latest publications 

 of that writer, 2 at least three species or races of 

 wild horses inhabited Western Europe in Pre- 

 historic times. The first of these constitutes his 

 steppe-type, which seems to be typified by the 

 Mongolian tarpan, but is provisionally taken to in- 

 clude the La Madelaine horse, for both of which 

 the name E. przevalskii appears to be employed. 

 This type, which is quite different from the one 



1 Century Magazine, November 1904, p. 15. 



2 " The Animal Remains at Newstead," in J. Curie's A Roman 

 Frontier Post and its People, at Newstead, Melrose, p. 362, Glasgow 

 1911. 



