52 Calculi or Stones in the Intestines. 



such animals have little or no lime in their com- 

 position, being mainly composed of mucus, hair, 

 dirt, coals, &c., closely matted together, and 

 known as "dust balls." 



Second : The miners consume large quantities 

 of the same water, but are not known to suffer 

 from intestinal calculi. 



Third : From personal experience and residence 

 in districts where calcareous or hard waters only 

 can be had, I have ascertained that calculi are 

 not more prevalent when system is observed, and 



Fourth : I have found calculi to exist more 

 abundantly where water is of the purest character. 

 Some of the largest specimens which have been 

 obtained were from horses using soft water alone, 

 and therefore must have another origin. 



To attribute their formation to any special 

 kind of water is a false theory, and negatives the 

 power of the intestines to remove useless matter. 



The presence of a nail, piece of wood, stone, 

 or other hard substance, is also said to insure the 

 formation of calculi. But horses and cattle meet 

 with these things constantly among their food, 

 and, while many are doubtless rejected by the 

 sensitive lips, others are swallowed, as proved by 

 their presence in the dung during life, or in- 

 testines after death. 



The origin of the material which forms the 

 substance of a stone or calculus is undoubtedly 

 from the food. Hard waters may assist under 

 certain circumstances. 



