138 Stable Management. 



lying at low levels, those also having hay lofts, 

 always call for a more extended arrangement 

 than isolated ones. In the latter also there is 

 great danger to be feared from reverse currents 

 when the wind sets in any particular quarter. 



The object of ventilation is to afford a plentiful 

 supply of pure air to every animal in the building, 

 to maintain an uniform temperature, and prevent 

 the occurrence of cold draughts, or currents. 

 To effect these, various plans are carried out : 



1st. Holes are made in the wall over each 

 horse's head ; opening to the outside, being about 

 the size of a brick. These are either occupied by 

 wood or cast iron frames and gratings, or are 

 faced with wire gauze or perforated zinc. 



2nd. Holes are also made opposite, but near 

 the ground, and similarly protected. 



3rd. Louvre boards are placed in windows at 

 the side, or in raised portions of the roof, which 

 also act as a skylight. 



4th. Swing windows and skylights are also 

 used to open at pleasure. 



5th. Ridge tiles are raised at intervals, so that 

 a space is formed under each, communicating 

 with the external as well as internal air. 



6th. Hollow stones or pillars are in some cases 

 placed in the outer walls, having an opening to 

 the external air at the bottom on the outside, and 

 another at the top on the inside. 



7th. Shafts or tubes of wood or zinc, &c., are 

 used to discharge the foul air from the roof. 



