166 HOESE PORTBAITUBE. 



ground, making a perfect pyramid of verdure when in full 

 leaf ; or, by pruning the lower branches, it shoots up with 

 a top not large enough to injure vegetation by its sha- 

 dow, or prevent the sun evaporating the water on the 

 course. This makes a fence that will last for many years ; 

 the galvanized wire being nearly indestructible, while the 

 living posts will be good for generations to come. The 

 trees are planted only six feet apart, and the wire will be 

 fastened to them by staples driven into the wood. The 

 only care needed will be to cut these staples as the tree 

 increases its growth, and replace them with others. If 

 this were neglected, the rapidly growing tree would soon 

 enclose wire and staple, and the swaying of the tree in 

 the wind might break them, which the play of the wire in 

 the staples will prevent. 



We are now ready to commence breaking the colts in a 

 business-like manner, and as the pleasant Indian Summer 

 days arrive, we will give our pupils the second lesson in 

 the horse "rudimans." They are all thoroughly halter- 

 broken, never having been allowed to go a week without 

 being led and tied up. The head-stall of a bridle, with a 

 email snaffle bit, is put on over the halter, accustoming 

 them to wear it by leaving it on when they are fed. Very 

 soon the novelty is acquiesced in, and they become famil- 

 iar with the bit. We now lead them with the reins at- 

 tached, in lieu of the halter, accustoming them to turn to 

 either side as required. The harness, or rather the pad 

 and girth, is placed on them, and the driving reins are 

 applied, without passing them through the terrets, so that, 

 if a colt turns around quickly, we still have the reins in a 

 position to control him. Each colt is practiced thus till 

 he acquires a mouth, that is, till he will obey the least 

 touch of the bit, without bending his neck or sidling his 

 body. It requires command of temper, and great patience, 

 to make this part of the training effectual. But when 



